12th International Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy (ISEA); Crete, Greece; May 12-24, 2008
Award Effective Date: 03/01/2008; Program: AERONOMY

1. Jonathan J Makela($30,000), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana
Key terms: Atmosphere, Coupling, Dynamics, ISEA, ISEA-, Meeting, Meetings, Papers, Published, Sessions, Special, Students.

CEDAR: All-Sky Mapping of E-Region Neutral Winds Above Poker Flat, Alaska
Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: AERONOMY

1. Mark Conde($197,350), University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus, Fairbanks
Key terms: Amisr Radar, E-region Wind, Neutral Winds, Poker Flat, Typical Uncertainties, Wind Maps, Anticipated, Auroral, Calibration, Capability, Coverage, Doppler, E-region, Field, Horizontal, Instruments, Laser, Mapping, Optical, Perturbations, Resolution, Resolved, Spatial, View.

Probing Space Weather Events with the Cornell University Portable Radar Imager (CUPRI)
Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: AERONOMY

1. Wesley E Swartz($403,749), Cornell University, Ithaca
Key terms: Energetic Particle Precipitation, Intense Energetic Particle, Temperature Gradient Instability, Hf Scattering, Plasma Instabilities, Scattering Observed, Space Weather, Superdarn Radar, Wallops Island, Access, Acquisition, Antennae, Aspect, Auroral, CUPRI, Cornell, Created, Creating, Density, Deploying, Echoes, Field, Has, Ithaca, Magnetic, Origin, Primary, Receivers, SED, Structures, VHF.

CEDAR: Mesospheric Dynamics with Airglow Imaging, Photometry and Meteor Radar
Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: AERONOMY

1. Alan Liu($330,950), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana
Key terms: Meteor Radar, Agws, Airglow, Carried, Concentrated, Direction, Ducting, Dynamics, Flux, Global, Horizontal, Illinois, Lidar, Measure, Mesosphere, Momentum, Near, OH, Objectives, Observed, Photometer, Propagating, Propagation, Resolution, Site, South, Temperature, Utah, Vertical, Wave, Wavelengths, Waves, Wind.

CEDAR: Quantifying Mesospheric Gravity Waves and Associated Temperature Variability Over the Andes
Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: AERONOMY

1. Michael J Taylor($258,087), Utah State University, Logan
Key terms: Gravity Wave, Gravity Waves, Maui-malt Program, Mlt Heights, Winter Months, Andes, Broad, Dynamics, Forcing, Influences, Investigation, MTM, Maui-malt, Measured, Momentum, Mountain, Near, Optical, Perform, Quantify, Region, Seasonal, Strong, Temperature, Unique, Variable.

CEDAR: Verification of the Theory of Multiple Scattering of High-Frequency (HF) Signals in the Ionosphere with Small-scale Irregularities
Award Effective Date: 12/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Nikolay Zabotin($85,987), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder
Key terms: Cowboy Hat, Integral Intensity, Ionospheric Irregularities, Larger Distances, Multiple Scattering, Communications, Diagnostics, Effect, Has, Intermediate-scale, Ionosphere, MFHF, Near, Platteville, Radar, Reflections, Theory, Transmitter, Various.

CEDAR: Remote Oxygen Sensing by Ionospheric Excitation (ROSIE)
Award Effective Date: 12/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Elizabeth A Kendall($159,158), SRI International, Menlo Park
Key terms: Im Experiments, Local O-atom, O-atom Densities, O-atom Density, Oxygen Atoms, Red Line, Altitudes, Decays, Ionosphere, Ionospheric, Models, O-atom, OD, Observations, Probe, Relaxation, SRI.

Hydroxyl and Nitric Oxide Chemistry Relevant to Mesospheric and Lower Thermospheric Energy Budget
Award Effective Date: 12/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Balakrishnan Naduvalath($325,551), University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas
Key terms: Nitric Oxide, Rate Coefficients, Upper Atmosphere, Vibrational Levels, =, Accurate, Atoms, Calculations, Chemistry, Collisions, Energy, Excitation, Excited, Lower, Models, OH, Quantum, Reaction, Thermosphere.

CEDAR Postdoc: Analysis and Modeling of Breaking Short Period Gravity Waves and Their Effects on the Dynamic Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere
Award Effective Date: 12/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Michael J Taylor($178,713), Utah State University, Logan
Key terms: Energy And Momentum, Short-period Gravity Waves, Airglow Modulation, Mesospherelower Thermosphere, Momentum Deposition, Propagate Horizontally, Short-period Gravity, Wave Breaking, Atmospheric, Background, Conditions, Convective, Does, Dynamic, Forcing, Gt, Has, Large-scale, Modeling, Models, Numerical, Observational, Propagation, Resulting, Small-scale, Stability, Structure, Thermal, Wind.

Simulations and Theory of Streamer Discharges in Transient Luminous Events
Award Effective Date: 10/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Victor Pasko($534,200), Pennsylvania State Univ University Park, University Park
Key terms: Earth's Atmosphere, Streamer Branching, Streamer Discharges, Transient Luminous, Activity, Air, Electrical, Fields, Mechanism, Pressures, Properties, Spatial, Streamers, Structures, Theoretical, Training, Volume.

CEDAR: Obtaining Physical Drivers from Ionospheric Imaging
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Gary Bust($299,325), ATMOSPHERIC & SPACE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, L.L.C., Louisville
Key terms: Ion Continuity Equation, Neutral And Ion, Three-dimensional Time-dependent Maps, Electric Fields, Electron Densities, Electron Density, Enhanced Densities, Three-dimensional Time-dependent, Time-dependent Maps, Algorithm, Applied, Approach, Assimilative, Datasets, Derive, Direct, Drivers, Estimates, Global, Inversion, Investigation, Ionospheric, Model, Models, Numerical, Observed, Processes, Winds.

SCOSTEP: U.S. Participation in the Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Chris Elfring($129,470), National Academy of Sciences, Washington
Key terms: International Council, Solar-terrestrial Physics, Advancing, Collaboration, Committee, Energy, Facilitate, Field, Programs, Range, SCOSTEP, Solar-terrestrial, Unions.

CEDAR: Post Doc: Signal Processing of O[II] Emission Spectra from Observations
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Susan M Nossal($183,272), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
Key terms: Airglow Feature, Aeronomy, Detected, Emission, Galactic, Investigate, Ionosphere, OII, SHS, Source, Terrestrial.

CEDAR Postdoc: Modeling Studies of Optical Properties of Sprite Streamers and their Chemical Effects on the Upper Atmosphere
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Ningyu Liu($40,000), Pennsylvania State Univ University Park, University Park
Key terms: Chemical Effects, Lightning Discharges, Optical Properties, Sprite Discharges, Sprite Streamers, Streamer Discharges, Upper Atmosphere, Air, Altitudes, Atmospheric, Emissions, Energy, Filamentary, Ionization, Knowledge, Molecules, Neutral, Observed, Regions, Sprites, Thunderstorms.

Studies of the Terrestrial Atmosphere
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Konstantinos Kalogerakis($509,519), SRI International, Menlo Park
Key terms: Laboratory Studies, Vibrational Levels, Chemistry, Difference, Emissions, Intense, Intensity, Lead, Line, Lower, Mesospheric, Molecules, Nightglow, Nitrogen, Observed, Oxygen, Range, Ratio, Red, Sodium, Task.

NSWP: Investigation of the Plasma Source for Storm Enhanced Densities and its Relationship to Sub-auroral Polarization Stream (SAPS)
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Naomi Maruyama($159,812), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder
Key terms: Seds And Saps, Total Electron Content, Coupled Model, Magnetic Storms, Space Weather, Coupling, Electric, Field, Gradients, Interaction, Investigation, Ionosphere, Observations, Particular, Phenomena, Plasma, Plasmasphere, Storm-time, Thermosphere.

Collaborative Research: NSWP--Scintillation-Scale Ionospheric Imaging using GPS and other RF Data in Inverse Diffraction Algorithms
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Gary Bust($122,439), ATMOSPHERIC & SPACE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, L.L.C., Louisville
2. Paul M Kintner($236,897), Cornell University, Ithaca
Key terms: Developing And Applying, Electron Density Profiles, Collection Campaigns, Radio Frequency, Strong Scintillations, Algorithms, Array, Development, Equatorial, Estimation, Estimationinversion, Exploit, GPS, Ionosphere, Model, Navigation, Phase, RF, Receiver, Receivers, Scintillating, Signals, Techniques.

Collaborative Research: NSWP--Investigation of Global E-region Conductivities Relevant to the Seeding and Variability of Equatorial Spread F Using Measurements from COSMIC
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Gary Bust($112,453), ATMOSPHERIC & SPACE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, L.L.C., Louisville
2. Michael J Nicolls($154,154), SRI International, Menlo Park
Key terms: Electron Density, Post-sunset Period, Region Densities, Day-to-day, Drift, ESF, Equatorial, Global, Ionospheric, Plasma, Plumes, Post-sunset, TEC.

NSWP: Equatorial Investigations in the Pacific Sector
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Roland T Tsunoda($387,738), SRI International, Menlo Park
Key terms: Large-scale Wave Structure, Post Sunset Rise, Christmas Island, Day-to-day Basis, Large-scale Wave, Post-sunset Rise, Solar Cycle, Collected, Database, Day-to-day, ESF, Equatorial, Expected, Pohnpei, Post-sunset, Radar, Radars, Region, Sensors, Short-term, Single, Steerable, Velocity.

Radio Frequency Modification of Dust-Associated Irregularities in the Polar Summer Mesosphere
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Wayne A Scales($298,228), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg
Key terms: Irregularity Temporal Evolution, Radio Wave Heating, Upper Atmospheric Space, Accurate Description, Charged Dust, Dust Layer, Electron Irregularities, Heating Cycle, Heating Facility, Source Region, Characterize, Characterizing, Development, Diagnostic, Experimental, Frequency, Ground-based, Has, Information, Ionospheric, Model, Modifying, PMSE, Pmses, Predictions, Processes, Space-based.

CEDAR: Global Climatology of Mesospheric Inversion Layers
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Dennis Riggin($346,744), NorthWest Research Associates, Incorporated, Seattle
Key terms: Gravity Wave, Gravity Waves, Middle Atmosphere, Northern Latitudes, Activities, Climatology, Common, Contributions, Coupling, Establish, Fairly, Ground-based, Information, Layers, Lower, MIL, Mean, Mesosphere, Mils, Occurrences, Propagation, Satellite, Source, Tides.

Collaborative Research: CEDAR--Optical Aeronomical Observations at Millstone Hill
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Qian Wu($160,000), University Corporation For Atmospheric Res, Boulder
2. John Noto($432,475), Scientific Solutions Incorporated, North Chelmsford
Key terms: Hydroxyl And Oxygen, Incoherent Scatter Radar, Mesospheric And Thermospheric, Doppler Imager, Fpi Neutral, Gravity Wave, Millstone Hill, Neutral Wind, Optical Instruments, Wave Parameters, All-sky, Combined, Coverage, Emissions, Intrinsic, Layers, MLT, Mesosphere, Observations, Temperature, Thermosphere, Vertical, Winds.

CEDAR: RUI--Quenching of Vibrationally-Excited Ozone by Atomic Oxygen
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Karen J Castle($167,760), Bucknell University, Lewisburg
Key terms: Relaxation Rate Coefficients, Kinetic Modeling, Vibration Levels, Analysis, Approach, Excited, Experiences, Experimental, Laboratory, Laser, Methods, Oxygen, Ozone, Students, Temperature, Undergraduate.

Advancing Space Weather Science and Its Use Through Policy Research
Award Effective Date: 07/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Genene Fisher($162,217), American Meteorological Society, Boston
Key terms: Space Weather Scientists, Policy Issues, Policy Makers, AMS, Accelerate, Advance, Application, Benefits, Build, Capacity, Communicating, Confronting, Effective, Field, Future, Generation, Increase, Information, Integrated, Ongoing, Process, Progress, Social, Societal, Students.

CEDAR: Meteor Plasmas--Theory, Simulations and Observations
Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Meers Oppenheim($191,952), Trustees of Boston University, Boston
Key terms: Lower Thermosphere, Meteor Evolution, Meteor Radar, Atmosphere, Atmospheric, Characteristics, Collisional, Detect, Diffusion, Effects, Enable, Estimates, Instruments, Meteoric, Meteors, Modeling, Observations, Particles, Physics, Plasma, Radars, Scattering, Simulations, Student, Theoretical, Trails, Treatment, Upper, Winds.

Study of Mutual Diffusion Effects in the Upper Atmosphere and Thermospheric Gravity Wave Processes
Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Michael P Hickey($258,080), Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach
Key terms: Amplitudes And Phases, Eddy And Molecular, Full-wave Model, Gravity Wave, Individual Gases, Multi-constituent Gas, Static Equilibrium, Wave Dissipation, Wave Periods, Atmosphere, Atmospheric, Coupling, Detailed, Diffusion, Effects, Full-wave, Heat, Mean, Momentum, Multi-constituent, Processes, Reflection, Species, Student, Thermal, Thermosphere, Treatment, Upper, Waves.

Collaborative Research: Coordinated Imaging and Scintillation Study of the Conjugate Nature of Equatorial Plasma Irregularities
Award Effective Date: 06/30/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Paul M Kintner($50,000), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg
Key terms: Magnetic Flux Tube, Gps Receivers, Instruments Deployed, Common, Nm.

CEDAR: Analysis of Planetary Waves and Atmospheric Tides Using Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) and Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED)
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. J Michael Ruohoniemi($471,145), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
Key terms: Tides And Planetary, Weather And Climate, Lower Atmosphere, Planetary Waves, Wave Activity, Wave Modes, Atmospheric, Day, Disturbance, ENSO, Effects, Energy, Long-term, MLT, Mesosphere, Oscillation, Periods, Perturbations, Properties, QBO, Radar, Radars, Region, Satellite, Sets, Sources, Ssws, Superdarn, Tidal.

Fabry-Perot Studies of Equatorial Thermospheric Dynamics and Composition, Part II
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. John W Meriwether($499,494), Clemson University, Clemson
Key terms: Arequipa And Huancayo, Wind And Temperature, Fabry-perot Interferometer, Fpi Observatory, Neutral Wind, Thermospheric Gravity, Allow, Divergence, Equatorial, Experience, Fabry-perot, Has, Instruments, Objectives, Observations, Operating, Oxygen, Precision, Processes, Students.

Large Scale Lower Ionosphere Remote Sensing
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Steven A Cummer($298,442), Duke University, Durham
Key terms: Based, Campaigns, Distributed, Effects, Electron, Geographic, Has, Instrumentation, Ionospheric, Low, Lower, Measure, Profiles, Program, Region, Structure, VLFELF, Wide.

Austral Mid-Latitude Atmospheric Dynamics
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Gonzalo Hernandez($627,738), University of Washington, Seattle
Key terms: Wind And Temperature, Mount John, Southern Hemisphere, Atmospheric, Behavior, Comparison, Established, Has, Implications, International, Investigate, Observational, Observations, Optical, Planned, Radar, Techniques, Winds, Zealand.

CEDAR: Multi-Diagnostic Investigations of Upper-Atmosphere Dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Steven M Smith($185,277), Trustees of Boston University, Boston
Key terms: Gravity Waves, Aspects, Atmospheric, Dynamics, Emissions, Hemisphere, Imager, MLT, Observations, Occurrence, Region, Thermosphere, Upper, Zealand.

A Study on the Vertical Circulation and Structure of Metallic Ions in the Mid-Latitude Ionosphere
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Qihou Zhou($341,836), Miami University, Oxford
Key terms: Formation Mechanism, Intermediate Layer, Level Course, Metallic Ion, Arecibo, Aspects, Available, Composition, Dynamics, Gravity, ISR, Online, Region, Seniorgraduate, Students, Wave.

CAREER: Multi-Technique Study of Ionospheric Irregularities at Mid-Latitudes
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Jonathan J Makela($474,009), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana
Key terms: Arecibo Observatory, Nighttime F-region, Trans-ionospheric Radio, Caribbean, Classroom, Clusters, Component, Critical, Developing, Development, Education, F-region, GPS, Instrumentation, Irregularities, Modules, Scintillation, Structures, Students, Trans-ionospheric, Undergraduate.

CEDAR: An Observational and Theoretical Study of the Climatology of the Ca/Ca+ Layer in the MLT at Arecibo and Its Relation to the Sporadic Micrometeor Flux
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

1. Shikha Raizada($289,079), Cornell University, Ithaca
Key terms: Arecibo Observatory, Upper Atmosphere, Allow, Atmospheric, Ca, Caca, Compared, Comprehensive, Effort, Existing, Involve, Laboratory, Mass, Metallic, Meteoric, Models, Observations, Radar, Students.

How Does the High-Altitude Plasma Distribution Change During Magnetic Storms
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2006; Program: AERONOMY

1. Gary Bust($200,263), ATMOSPHERIC & SPACE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, L.L.C., Louisville
Key terms: Electron Content, Plasma Distribution, Drift, Global, Images, Ionospheric, Magnetic, OSEC, Peak, Phase, Storm, TEC, Three-dimensional, Topside, Vertical.

Space Weather Outreach Program
Award Effective Date: 02/15/2005; Program: AISL

1. Lisa R Curtis($510,000), SPACE SCIENCE INSTITUTE, Boulder
Key terms: Center Web Site, Space Weather Center, Weather Center Web, Development Workshops, Family Guide, Informal Education, Micro Exhibits, Radio Programs, Shopping Malls, Activities, After-school, Communications, Components, Effects, Evaluation, Evaluations, Following, Institute, Outreach, Public, Sun.

Solvated Salts and Acids: Contributions to Basic Understanding of Nucleation, Particle Growth, and Aerosol Chemistry
Award Effective Date: 08/15/2007; Program: ANALYTICAL SEPARATIONS & MEAS.

1. A. W Castleman($560,842), Pennsylvania State Univ University Park, University Park
Key terms: Atmospheric Chemistry, Acid, Acids, Cluster, Halogen, Investigations, Ions, Nucleation, Processes, Simple, Water.

CEDAR: AMISR Measurements of Auroral Disturbance Electrodynamics, Including Relations to Harang Reversal and Large-Scale Convection Evolution
Award Effective Date: 01/15/2007; Program: ANS-Arctic Natural Sciences

1. Athanasios Boudouridis($400,000), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles
Key terms: Incoherent Scatter Radar, Plasma Sheet, AMISR, Alaska, Aurora, Auroral, Convection, Disturbances, Electrodynamics, Evolution, Strength, Substorm, Targets, Transport.

SGER: Characterization of Multifunctional Organic Nitrates in Blodgett Forest During BEARPEX
Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Anthony J Hynes($86,444), University of Miami, Coral Gables
Key terms: Organic Nitrate Compounds, Organic Nitrates, Oxidation Pathways, Specific Voc, Complex, Focus, Nitrogen, OH, Species.

Laboratory, Field, and Theoretical Studies of the Water Uptake of Fresh and Aged Atmospheric Particles
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Spyros N Pandis($487,251), Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh
Key terms: Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Aerosol, Ambient, Components, Hygroscopic, Investigations, Organic.

Collaborative Research: Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport (START) Experiment (2008)
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Steven C Wofsy($262,000), Harvard University, Cambridge
2. Donald R Blake($375,789), University of Miami, Coral Gables
3. Fuqing Zhang($200,002), Texas A&M Research Foundation, College Station
4. Linnea M Avallone($329,790), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder
Key terms: Ut And Ls, Chemical Composition, Atmospheric, Behavior, Breaking, Control, Development, Dynamical, Experiment, Extratropical, Exutls, Field, Graduate, Ice, Mass, Microphysical, Models, Processes, Region, START, Transport, Tropopause, UTLS, Waves.

Aerosol Eddy Flux and Hygroscopic Growth During Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment (BEARPEX)
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Richard J Vong($486,234), Oregon State University, Corvallis
Key terms: Chemical Composition, Hygroscopic Growth, Aerosol, BEARPEX, Canopy, Eddy, Fluxes, Forest, Measured, Optical, Particle, Size.

SGER: Formaldehyde Measurements During BEARPEX (Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment) at Blodgett Forest 2007
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Ian C Faloona($34,944), University of California-Davis, Davis
Key terms: Aerosols And Ozone, Secondary Organic Aerosols, Organic Aerosols, Atmospheric, BEARPEX, Blodgett, Forest, Formaldehyde, Formation, HCHO, Lead, Oxidation, Vocs.

Atmospheric Oxidation: Field and Laboratory Studies of OH, HO2, RO2, OH Reactivity, and Measurement of Ozone Production Sensitivity
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. William H Brune($450,005), Pennsylvania State Univ University Park, University Park
Key terms: Air, Atmospheric, Chemistry, OH, Radical, Reactivity.

A Kinetic Model for Predicting Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in Complex Hydrocarbon Mixtures
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Richard M Kamens($565,803), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
Key terms: Predict Soa Formation, Aerosols, Atmospheric, Hydrocarbons, Models.

Biogenic Organic Aerosol Experiment in Amazonia
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Scot T Martin($369,080), Harvard University, Cambridge
Key terms: Aerosols, Atmospheric, Cloud, Formation, Mass, Resolution, SOA, Site, Size.

Understanding the Influence of Global Air Pollution on U.S. Air Quality Through Observations at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Daniel A Jaffe($592,358), University of Washington, Seattle
Key terms: Air Quality, Asian Emissions, Bachelor Observatory, Changing Asian, Global, Implications, Interannual, Mt, Nitrogen, Nox, Observations, Ozone, PAN, Pollutants, Receive, Site, Sources.

Collaborative Research: Investigation of Ozone Photochemistry in Lower Free Troposphere Continental Outflow Traveling Over the North Atlantic
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Detlev Helmig($330,746), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder
Key terms: Anthropogenic And Boreal, Boreal Fire, Pollution Transport, Tropospheric O3, Analyzed, Atmospheric, Azores, CTM, Emissions, FLEXPART, GAW, Measured, Model, Observed, PAN, Pico, Relative, Simulations, Station.

Understanding Ozone and Its Precursors in China and Regional Pollution Outflow: Field Measurements and Integrated Modeling Analysis
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Lewis G Huey($593,761), Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta
Key terms: Air Pollution, Pollution Control, Reactive Nitrogen, Analyses, CAREBEIJING, China, Oxide, Ozone, Pollutant, Regional, Site, Transport.

SGER: Quantifying the Relationships Between Dust Source Variability, Dust Emissions, and Air-to-Sea Deposition
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Yuan Gao($48,772), Rutgers University Newark, Newark
Key terms: Dust Emissions, Dust Sources, China, Deposition, Global, Iron, Regions.

2007 Atmospheric Chemistry Gordon Research Conference; Big Sky, Montana; August 26-31, 2007
Award Effective Date: 07/15/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Nancy R Gray($9,000), Gordon Research Conferences, East Greenwich
Key terms: Atmospheric Chemistry, Gordon Conference, Junior Scientists, Findings, Held, Participation, Particles, Traditionally.

Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation by Partitioning and Heterogeneous Reactions: Parameterization, Characterization, and Predictive Model
Award Effective Date: 07/15/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Myoseon Jang($116,188), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
2. Myoseon Jang($155,000), University of Florida, Gainesville
Key terms: Gas Phase, Heterogeneous Chemistry, Soa Formation, Acidic, Aerosol, Conditions, Effects, Model, Partitioning, Techniques.

SGER: Smog Chamber Investigations into Reactions of Tertiary Amines with NOy
Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Philip J Silva($58,995), Utah State University, Logan
Key terms: Amine Reactions, Dinitrogen Pentoxide, Laboratory Studies, Mass Spectrometer, Nitrate Radical, Organic Nitrogen, Smog Chamber, Aerosol, Alkyl, Amines, Analysis, Atmosphere, Chemical, Fate, Formation, Global, Mechanisms, Off-line, Particle, Particulate, Perform, Products.

Collaborative Research: Nitrate (NO3) Induced Nighttime Air Chemistry
Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Wendy Goliff($310,008), Nevada System of Higher Education, Desert Research Institute, Reno
2. William R Stockwell($78,173), Howard University, Washington
Key terms: No3 Radical, Chemistry, Daytime, Loss, Urban.

Photochemical Cycling Between Humic-Like Substances and Simple Dicarbonylic Species in the Atmospheric Aerosol
Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Agustin J Colussi($476,716), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
Key terms: Atmospheric Aerosols, Molecular Weight, Organic Matter, Acids, Complex, Compounds, Found, Path, Phase, Phases, Photochemical, Substances.

Experimental Study of Sulfur Oxidation Chemistry in Clouds in Eastern China
Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Jeffrey L Collett($499,710), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
Key terms: Acid Rain, Sulfate Deposition, CSU, China, Cloud, Clouds, Droplets, Sulfur.

2007 Gordon Research Conference on Biogenic Hydrocarbons and the Atmosphere; Ventura, CA; February 25-March 2, 2007
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Jose D Fuentes($20,000), Gordon Research Conferences, East Greenwich
Key terms: Biogenic Hydrocarbons, Junior Scientists, Atmospheric, Conference.

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photochemical Reactions Related to Atmospheric Aldehydes and Nitric Acid
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Lei Zhu($658,801), Health Research Incorporated/New York State Department of Health, Menands
Key terms: Air Quality, Atmospheric, Natural, Photolysis, Quantum.

Collaborative Research: Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe) Overlying the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic Ocean
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Ronald G Martin($32,679), University Corporation For Atmospheric Res, Boulder
2. Alexander A. P Pszenny($186,758), University of New Hampshire, Durham
3. William C Keene($265,773), University of Virginia Main Campus, Charlottesville
Key terms: Halogen Chemistry, Halogen Cycling, Halogen Species, Acid, Aerosol, Aerosols, Gases, Halogens, Hcl, Hydrocarbons, Influences, Inorganic, MBL, Ozone, Volatile.

Laboratory Studies of Ice Nucleation Using Optical and Raman Microscopy
Award Effective Date: 04/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Margaret A Tolbert($510,000), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder
Key terms: Ammonium Sulfate, Ice Nucleation, Nucleate Ice, Raman Microscopy, Upper Troposphere, Atmospheric, Chemical, Composition, Dependence, Formation, Gain, Insight, Organics, Particles, Probe.

Chemical Pathways Leading to Organic Aerosol Formation from the Atmospheric Oxidation of Alkanes and Alkenes
Award Effective Date: 04/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Paul J Ziemann($532,188), University of California-Riverside, Riverside
Key terms: Particulate Matter, Aerosols, Alkane, Atmospheric, Compounds, Fraction, Less, NMHC, Organic, SOA, Urban.

The Abundance and Seasonal Variability of Tropospheric Ozone and Its Precursors Over China
Award Effective Date: 03/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Michael B McElroy($525,000), Harvard University, Cambridge
Key terms: Chinese Fossil Fuel, Combustion And Biological, Fossil Fuel Consumption, Biological Sources, Multi-year Observations, Tropospheric Ozone, Aircraft, China, Emissions, Factors, Model, Nox, Particular, Seasonal, Surface.

Oxidation Processes in Forest Canopies and Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Nitrogen Oxides
Award Effective Date: 02/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Ronald C Cohen($691,503), University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley
Key terms: Atmosphere-biosphere Exchange, Field Studies, Forest Canopy, Graduate Students, Acid, Atmosphere-biosphere, Atmospheric, Chemistry, Development, HONO, Mechanisms, Nitric, Nitrogen, Oxide, Processes, Sum.

Crystallization and Deliquescence of Atmospheric Particles
Award Effective Date: 02/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Scot T Martin($148,683), Harvard University, Cambridge
Key terms: Phase Transitions, Relative Humidity, Aerosol, Aerosols, Atmosphere, Atmospheric, CRH, Crystallization, DRH, Days, Deliquescence, Fraction, Hygroscopic, Increase, Laboratory, Metals, Particles, TDMA.

Atmospheric Processing of Organic Aerosols
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2006; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. Andrey V Ivanov($498,863), University of California-San Diego, La Jolla
Key terms: Inorganic And Organic, Organic Carbon Surfaces, Organic Species, Various Gas-phase, Activated, Aerosol, Atmospheric, Atomic, Chemical, Chemistry, Chlorine, Climate, Contribute, Dioxide, Effects, Gas-phase, Matter, Mixtures, Modeling, Nitrate, Oxidative, Particulate, Radical, Reactions, Spectrometry, Troposphere.

Radioactive Contamination of Atmospheric Dust
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2004; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

1. James L Conca($404,930), New Mexico State University, Las Cruces
Key terms: Aerosols, Am, Ambient, Atmosphere, Atmospheric, Contamination, Development, Dust, Pu, Radioactive, Radionuclides.

Cloud-Climate Feedbacks due to Extra-Tropical Clouds Systems
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: BE: CARBON & WATER IN ES

1. Veerabhadran Ramanathan($4,037,614), University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography, La Jolla
Key terms: Aerosol And Cloud, Cloud Radiative Forcing, Extra Tropical Cloud, Ice Phase Clouds, Cloud Forcing, Feedback Effects, Pacific Ocean, Aerosol-cloud, Aerosols, Asian, Climate, Collaborations, Consists, Dust, Dynamics, Estimating, Global, Integrated, Interactions, International, Liquid, Model, Models, Regional, Soot, Surface, Trends.

Collaborative Research: HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) of Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: BE: CARBON & WATER IN ES

1. Steven C Wofsy($1,279,451), Harvard University, Cambridge
2. Britton Stephens($155,894), University Corporation For Atmospheric Res, Boulder
3. Dale F Hurst($477,068), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder
4. Ralph F Keeling($786,011), University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography, La Jolla
Key terms: Greenhouse Gases, Atmospheric, Carbon, Chemical, Concentrations, Critical, Global, HIAPER, Inversion, Modeling.

Carbon Dioxide and Water Flux Responses to Extreme Weather and Climate Anomalies: A Fluxnet Synthesis
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: BE: CARBON & WATER IN ES

1. Christopher A Williams($539,408), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore
Key terms: Carbon And Water, Flux Tower Sites, Assess, Climate, Coherent, Extreme, Observed, Pis.

Development of a Laser-Induced Fluorescence Ground-Based Instrument for Measurements of Atmospheric Iodine Monoxide
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: BE: INSTRUM DEVELOP FOR ENV AC

1. James G Anderson($615,000), Harvard University, Cambridge
Key terms: Marine Boundary, Detection, Distribution, IO, Photochemical, Processes, Radical, Reactivity.

Collaborative Research: SGER--Unmanned Aircraft System for In-Situ Sensing Along Atmospheric Airmass Boundaries
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: BE: INSTRUM DEVELOP FOR ENV AC

1. Adam L Houston($48,571), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln
2. Brian M Argrow($51,424), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder
Key terms: Atmospheric Airmass Boundary, Uas Telemetry, Weather Radar, Experiment, In-situ, Mesoscale, Navigate, Radars, Unmanned.

SGER: Development of a High Sensitivity Instrument for Direct and Fast Measurement of Glyoxal and Field Testing During BEARPEX
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: BE: INSTRUM DEVELOP FOR ENV AC

1. Frank Keutsch($112,430), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
Key terms: BEARPEX, Chemistry, Field, Formation, Instrumentation, Organic, SOA.

CAREER: Developing New Airborne Cloud, Aerosol and Water Vapor Observation Capabilities by Synergizing Remote Sensors and in Situ Probes on the University of Wyoming King Air
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: BE: INSTRUM DEVELOP FOR ENV AC

1. Zhien Wang($587,206), University of Wyoming, Laramie
Key terms: Uw King Air, Boundary Layer, Cloud Microphysical, Compact Airborne, Effective Radius, Observational Capabilities, Retrieval Algorithms, Water Vapor, Aerosol, Aircraft, Atmospheric, Clouds, Combine, Development, Facility, Ice, Lidar, Mixed-phase, Observations, Processes, Properties, Radiometer, Remote, Situ, Wyoming.

Atmospheric Constraints on Carbon Exchanges and Related Processes Based on Measurements of Atmospheric O2/N2 and Ar/N2 Ratios and CO2 Concentrations
Award Effective Date: 07/15/2007; Program: Chemical Oceanography

1. Ralph F Keeling($814,479), University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography, La Jolla
Key terms: Mixing Ratio, Atmospheric, Climate, Global, Reports, Sampling.

Variation in the Oxygen/Nitrogen (O2/N2) Ratio of Air: Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle
Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: Chemical Oceanography

1. Michael L Bender($336,137), Princeton University, Princeton
Key terms: Carbon, Direct, Global, Increasing, Network, Ocean, Princeton.

The Role of Inertial Instability and Boundary-Layer Processes in Equatorial Monsoon Regions
Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Jerome Patoux($498,684), NorthWest Research Associates, Incorporated, Seattle
Key terms: Inter-tropical Convergence Zone, Zero Absolute Vorticity, Boundary Layer, Inertial Instability, Inter-tropical Convergence, Analyses, Boundary-layer, Distribution, ITCZ, Line, Model, Models, Near, Observational, Parameterizations, Position, Processes, Tested.

Sensitivity of Extreme Hurricane Winds to Climate Change
Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. James B Elsner($143,008), Florida State University, Tallahassee
Key terms: Extreme Hurricane Winds, Return Periods, Available, Climate, Coast, Intensity, Local, Model, Modeling, Models, Risk, Sensitive, Statistics.

The Estimation of Analysis Error Characteristics Using an Observation System Simulation Experiment
Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Ronald Errico($179,698), University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore
Key terms: Analysis Errors, Nature Run, Weather Forecasting, Analyzed, Assimilation, Atmospheric, Model, Numerical, OSSE, Observations, Operational, Simulation, Statistics.

SGER: Stratosphere-Troposphere Transfer of the Zonal Angular Momentum Associated with the Global Mass Circulation
Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Ming Cai($50,132), Florida State University, Tallahassee
Key terms: Angular Momentum Anomalies, Mass Circulation, Downward, Latitudes, Potential, Propagate, Propagation, Troposphere.

T-PARC: Ensemble Simulation and Clustering of the Evolving Cyclone Structure Through Extratropical Transition (ET)
Award Effective Date: 12/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Francesca Chiaromonte($570,501), Pennsylvania State Univ University Park, University Park
Key terms: Core Cyclone, Cyclone Structure, Ensemble Forecast, Ensemble Prediction, Forecast Skill, Initial Vortex, Numerical Modeling, Operational Models, Storm Structure, Structure Evolution, Tropical Cyclones, CPS, Development, ECMWF, Forecasts, Ii, Local, Meteorology, Methods, Pacific, Potential, Simulating, Statistics, THORPEX, Testing, Transition, Weather.

New Methods in Storm Track Dynamics Theory
Award Effective Date: 12/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Brian F Farrell($450,000), Harvard University, Cambridge
Key terms: Randomly Forced, Abrupt, Atmosphere, Climate, Dynamics, Eddies, Generalizing, Jet, Jets, Parameters, Perturbations, Stochastic, Theory, Treat, Turbulent, Zonally.

Collaborative Research: Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones Over the Western North Pacific--Physical Characteristics, Downstream Impacts, and Predictability
Award Effective Date: 11/15/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Russell L Elsberry($534,980), Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey
2. Christopher Velden($210,000), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
Key terms: Decaying Tropical Cyclone, Downstream Development, Gps Dropwindsondes, Midlatitude Flow, Western North, Involve, Lidar, Observing, Pacific, Prediction, Processes, Strong, T-PARC, THORPEX, Weather.

Wave Characteristics from the COSMIC and CHAMP Global Positioning System (GPS) Temperature Profiles
Award Effective Date: 11/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Ling Wang($244,098), NorthWest Research Associates, Incorporated, Seattle
Key terms: Global Climate Models, Gravity Waves, Gravity-wave Activity, Gravity-wave Parameterizations, Temperature Profiles, Wave Activity, Atmosphere, Determined, GPS, Gravity-wave, Horizontal, Information, Momentum, Pis, Quantity, Sources, Time, Transport, Vertical.

Equatorial Superrotation on Earth Induced by Optically Thick Dust Clouds
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Darryn W Waugh($50,000), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
Key terms: Strong Solar Tides, Equatorial Superrotation, Atmosphere, Climate, Dust, Experiments, Extreme, Model, Nuclear, Presence, Stratosphere, Stratospheric, Three-dimensional, Venus.

Modeling Climate Variability and Change of the Greater Horn of Africa
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Alan Robock($231,792), Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Brunswick
Key terms: Climate Prediction, Gha Sub-region, Indian Ocean, Regional Climate, Water Resources, Africa, Conditions, Extreme, Horn, Interactions, Local, Model, Models, Performance, Pis, Processes, Setting, Simulation, Sub-region, Surface, Unique, Victoria.

Enhancing Forecasts of Tropical Cyclone Extratropical Transition By Statistical Pattern Recognition
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. J. Scott Tyo($481,896), University of Arizona, Tucson
Key terms: Applicable, Characteristics, Forecasting, Model, PP, Storm, Storms, Technique, Tropical.

Studies of Waves and Circulation Features in the Antarctic Stratosphere using VORCORE Data
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Richard L Walterscheid($497,232), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles
Key terms: Antarctic Lower Stratosphere, Austral Spring, Balloon Campaign, Climate Models, Gravity Waves, Gravity-wave Parameterizations, Analyses, Analyzed, Analyzing, Atmosphere, Atmospheric, Balloons, Circulation, Concordiasi, Fluxes, Gravity-wave, IPY, Information, Momentum, Observations, Observing, Polar, Poorly, Pressure, Stratospheric, Studying, VORCORE, Vertical.

Influences of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) on the Stratosphere
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Terrence R Nathan($321,417), University of California-Davis, Davis
Key terms: Stratospheric Ozone, Troposphere-stratosphere Coupling, Analyses, Climate, Convection, ENSO, Gcms, Has, Influence, Influences, MJO, Model, Models, Modes, Observations, Oscillation, Output, Pathways, Simulations, Tropical, Troposphere-stratosphere.

A Study of the Global Carbon Cycle Based on Measurements of the Abundance and Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Ralph F Keeling($1,387,605), University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography, La Jolla
Key terms: Carbon, Curve, Fossil, Global, Graph, SIO, Uptake.

SGER: Investigating the Joint Occurrence of Summer Drought and Heat Waves in Climate Change Projections
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Bradfield Lyon($27,867), Columbia University, New York
Key terms: Waves And Drought, 21st Century, Coupled Models, Extreme Daily, Heat Waves, Joint Occurrence, Climate, Food, Increases, Initial, Precipitation, Projections, Risk, Surface, Temperatures.

SGER: Stochastic Characteristics of Drought and Surface-Atmosphere Drought Forcing in Coupled General Circulation Models (GCMs)
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. John A Dracup($30,000), University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley
Key terms: Control And Forced, Forced Stabilization Simulations, Dynamical Mechanisms, Multiple Regression, Potential Impacts, Stochastic Characteristics, Analysis, Archive, Based, CMIP, Climate, Coupled, Drought, Forcing, Initial, Lead, Models, Program, Surface, Surface-atmosphere.

SGER: Droughts in the Central Plains of the United States
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Tsing-Chang Chen($30,000), Iowa State University, Ames
Key terms: Central Plains Drought, Central Plains Droughts, Climate Models, Interannual Forcing, Regular Seasonal, Seasonal Cycle, Western Subtropical, Annual, Atmospheric, Favorable, Flow, Global, Initial, Mechanisms, Modes, Rainfall, Simulated.

Roles of Tropical Instability Waves (TIWs) in Modulating El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Rong-Hua Zhang($352,139), University of Maryland, College Park, College Park
Key terms: Coupled Atmosphere-ocean Model, Atmosphere-ocean Model, Climate Models, Coupled Atmosphere-ocean, Fluctuating Winds, Tiw-induced Winds, Applied, Atmospheric, ENSO, Effect, Experiments, Gcms, Irregularity, Pis, Reveal, Temporal, Tiw-induced, Tiws, Tropical.

SGER: Seasonal Cycle of Drought in Coupled Climate Models and its Implication for the Hydro-ecosystem
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Jin-Ho Yoon($29,738), University of Maryland, College Park, College Park
Key terms: Traditional Drought Indices, 20th Century, Dry Season, Seasonal Cycles, Soil Moisture, Analyzed, Assess, CMIP, Climate, Compared, Coupled, Future, Index, Initial, Mechanisms, Models, Precipitation, Regions, Vegetation.

Subtropical Midsummer Droughts
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Brian E Mapes($970,141), University of Miami, Coral Gables
Key terms: Atlantic, Climate, Drought, Effects, Features, North, Precipitation, Regional, Subtropical.

Climate Change in the Southern Hemisphere Extratropics
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Alexander D Hall($371,259), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles
Key terms: Antarctic Ice Sheets, Southern Ocean Region, Albedo Feedbacks, Carbon Dioxide, Climate Models, Equilibrium Sensitivity, Global Climate, Ice Thickness, Sea-ice Albedo, Acting, Analyzing, Cloud, Comparing, Determined, Differences, Emergence, Future, Ice-albedo, Internal, Mechanisms, Melting, Projections, Radiation, Sea-ice, Season, Strong, Surface, Times.

Assessing Global and Regional Land Surface Skin Temperature Variations
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Menglin S Jin($277,289), University of Maryland, College Park, College Park
Key terms: Air Temperature, Satellite Observations, Skin Temperature, Surface Temperature, Activity, Attribution, Estimates, Global, Land, Trends.

SGER: Understanding Tropical-Subtropical Forcing and Predictability of Long-Term North American Drought in Coupled Models
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Kristopher B Karnauskas($30,000), University of Maryland, College Park, College Park
Key terms: Equatorial Pacific Ocean, Climate Models, Coupled Models, Long-term North, Persistent Cool, Conditions, Depend, Drought, Extended, Forcing, Global, Initial, Lead, Long-term, Mechanisms, PDSI, Predictability, Represented.

Collaborative Research: Analysis and Modeling of Convectively-Coupled Equatorial Waves and the Madden-Julian Oscillation
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. None($144,271), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
Key terms: Ccews And Mjos, Kelvin Waves Forced, Mechanisms And Interactions, Mjo-related Wind Perturbations, Multiple Conflicting Theories, Oceanic Kelvin Waves, Mjo-related Wind, Analysis, Atmospheric, Behavior, Circulation, Disturbances, Existence, Global, Inadequacy, Model, Models, Observational, Representations, Uncertainties.

RUI: Chemical Characterization and Reactivity of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) in Rainwater
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Robert F Whitehead($539,582), University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington
Key terms: Dissolved Organic, Metal Speciation, Photolysis Experiments, Rainwater Cdom, Capacity, Cdoms, Chemical, Nitrogen, School.

Assessing Atmospheric Predictability with a Global Analysis-Forecast System
Award Effective Date: 08/15/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Istvan Szunyogh($258,967), University of Maryland, College Park, College Park
Key terms: Examine, Forecasting, Forecasts, Model, Models, Observations, Operational, Predictability.

The Role of Vegetation, Aerosols and Surface Fluxes for Land-Atmosphere Feedbacks
Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Robert E Dickinson($552,767), Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta
Key terms: Energy And Water, Climate Model, Surface Energy, Aerosols, Analysis, Atmospheric, Component, Interactions, Land, Modeling, Vegetation.

Collaborative Research: Radiative Effects of Desert Dust Deposits in Alpine Snow
Award Effective Date: 06/30/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Thomas H Painter($109,152), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
Key terms: San Juan Mountains, Silverton Public School, Absorbing Dust, Circulation Models, Dust Deposition, Snow Albedo, Alpine, Capacity, Experiences, Inclusion, Local, Meteorological, Parameterizations, Programs, RET, REU, Region, SNTHERM, Sources, Teachers, Temporal.

South Pacific Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Oscillations and Climate
Award Effective Date: 06/15/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Thomas J Crowley($36,060), Duke University, Durham
Key terms: South Pacific, Subtropical Gyre, Climate, Modes, Precipitation, SST.

Collaborative Research: The Pacific Meridional Mode and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Award Effective Date: 06/15/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Daniel Vimont($266,739), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
2. Ping Chang($106,243), Texas A&M Research Foundation, College Station
Key terms: Circulation Models, Modeling Studies, Pacific Mm, Seasonal Cycle, Affect, Broader, Climate, Contribute, Coupled, Decadal, Development, Does, Dynamics, ENSO, Influence, Link, Observational, Pis, Processes, Seasonality, Structure, Tropical.

Modeling the Effects of Climate Change on the Pacific Northwest: Mesoscale Processes and Climate Impacts
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Eric P Salathe($396,898), University of Washington, Seattle
Key terms: Climate Impacts, Future Climate, Pacific Northwest, Applications, Atmospheric, Current, Has, Model, Natural, Regional.

Fifth Gordon Research Conference on Radiation and Climate; New London, NH; July 29-August 3, 3007
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. William Collins($13,000), Gordon Research Conferences, East Greenwich
Key terms: Regional Aerosol Models, Discussion Leaders, Gordon Conferences, Multiple Sensors, Aerosols, Benefit, Climate, Cloud, Clouds, Cryosphere, Field, Focus, Global, Interactions, Meeting, Modeling, Observations, Processes, Program, Properties, Radiation, Radiative, Satellite, Speakers, Students, Syntheses.

Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction Studies of the West African Monsoon
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Matthew B Fulakeza($318,000), Columbia University, New York
Key terms: West African, Analysis, Climate, Components, Current, Model, Modeling, NSF, Pis, RM, Regional, Simulation.

The Global Climate Implications of Earth System Change in the Arctic
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Peter K Snyder($252,641), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana
Key terms: Arctic Land-surface, Climate Model, Global Climate, Assessment, Boreal, Land-surface, Vegetation.

Collaborative Research: Understanding Observed Low Frequency Variability of Sea-Surface Temperature (SST) in the North Atlantic
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Benjamin P Kirtman($290,747), George Mason University, Fairfax
2. None($202,267), Institute of Global Environment and Society, Rockville
Key terms: Ensemble Coupled Version, Atmospheric Models, Intrinsic Atmospheric, Weather Noise, Application, Atmosphere, CCSM, Circulation, Climate, Derived, GCM, Modes, Observational, Observations, Ocean, Overturning, SST, Timescales.

Coordination of the Pacific-Asian Regional Campaign for THORPEX (THe Observing system Research and Predictability EXperiment)
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Istvan Szunyogh($10,000), University Corporation For Atmospheric Res, Boulder
Key terms: Extratropical Transition, Tropical Cyclones, Activities, Focus, North, T-PARC, THORPEX, Weather.

Evaluation of the Great Plains Low-level Jet and Its Relationship to Mid-West Precipitation in Coupled General Circulation Model (GCM) Simulations of the 20th and 21st Centuries
Award Effective Date: 04/15/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Kerry H Cook($57,851), Cornell Univ - State: AWDS MADE PRIOR MAY 2010, Ithaca
Key terms: Hydrologic Cycle, Atmosphere, Climate, GPLLJ, Hydrology, Months, Phase, Time, Undergraduate.

Structure and Mechanisms of Great Plains Hydroclimate Variability
Award Effective Date: 04/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Sumant Nigam($676,431), University of Maryland, College Park, College Park
Key terms: Land Surface, Analyses, Analysis, Climate, Model, Modeling, Plains.

Coordination and Planning for the VAMOS (Variability of American Monsoon Systems) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study (VOCALS) Regional Experiment
Award Effective Date: 03/15/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Robert Wood($6,178), University of Washington, Seattle
Key terms: Marine Boundary Layer, Field Experiment, Intensive Observational, Upper Ocean, Aerosols, Atmosphere, Broad, Chemical, Climate, Coupled, Datasets, Interactions, International, Land, MBL, Models, Month, Processes, Range, Region, Regional, SEP, Vocals-rex.

A Rational Approach to Cumulus Parameterization in Large-Scale Models
Award Effective Date: 03/15/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Sharon L Sessions($478,749), New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro
Key terms: Vertical Velocity, Convection, Cumulus, Effects, Heating, Large-scale, Models, Parameterization, Students.

Summit on Hurricanes and Climate Change; Crete, Greece; May 27-June 1, 2007
Award Effective Date: 03/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. James B Elsner($12,824), Florida State University, Tallahassee
Key terms: Activity, Advance, Climate, Debate, Future, Hurricane.

Studies in Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Interaction
Award Effective Date: 03/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. J David Neelin($693,575), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles
Key terms: Global Climate Models, Large-scale Circulation, Tropical Atmosphere, Tropical Rainfall, Convection, Does, Implications, Large-scale, Moist.

Dynamics and Moist Thermodynamics of the Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation
Award Effective Date: 03/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Bin Wang($526,836), University of Hawaii, Honolulu
Key terms: Boreal Summer, Intraseasonal Oscillations, BSISO, Climate, Complex, Coupled, Drive, Interactions, Models, Ocean, Precipitation, Seasonal, Timescales, Tropics.

Land-Atmosphere Interactions and the Hydro-Climate Predictability of the South American Monsoon System
Award Effective Date: 03/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Ernesto H Berbery($404,770), University of Maryland, College Park, College Park
Key terms: Land Surface-atmosphere, Plata Basin, Soil Moisture, Climate, Feedbacks, Interactions, International, Regional, South, Surface-atmosphere.

Diverse Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) Algorithms within Multimodels and the Design of Unified Boundary Layer Modeling for Improved Forecasts
Award Effective Date: 03/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Paul H Ruscher($391,198), Florida State University, Tallahassee
Key terms: Planetary Boundary Layer, Turbulent Kinetic Energy, Mixing Length, Multimodel Superensemble, National Center, Non-local Scheme, Pbl Fluxes, Pbl Physics, Surface Fluxes, Unified Single, Algorithms, Analysis, Approach, Based, Closure, Contribute, Errors, Five, Forecast, Forecasts, Gradient, Growth, Heat, Issue, K-theory, Model, Modeling, Models, Moisture, Non-local, Observations, Pis, Resolution, Schemes, Skills, Sources, Tagging.

Change in the Extratropical Circulation in Response to Global Warming
Award Effective Date: 02/15/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. David J Lorenz($347,566), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
Key terms: Climate Models, Global Warming, Intrinsic Modes, Aspects, Circulation, Dynamical, Experiments, Has, Jets, Midlatitude, Shift.

The Dynamics of Teleconnection Patterns and Their Relationship with the General Circulation
Award Effective Date: 02/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Steven Feldstein($502,797), Pennsylvania State Univ University Park, University Park
Key terms: Extensive Set, Model Simulations, Dynamical, Lead, Leading, North, Periods, Seasonal, Stratosphere, Teleconnection, Teleconnections, Time, Weather.

Acceleration of the Last Glacial Termination Due to Climate-Carbon Cycle Feedbacks
Award Effective Date: 02/01/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Axel Timmermann($42,465), University of Hawaii, Honolulu
Key terms: Atmospheric, Carbon, Climate, Global, Period, Time.

Soil Evaporation, Transpiration and Canopy Evaporation in Community Land Model (CLM 3.0) Compared to Simple Biosphere Model (SiB 2.0)
Award Effective Date: 01/15/2007; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Peter J Lawrence($117,720), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder
Key terms: Land Model, Land Surface, CCSM, CLM, Consistent, Pis, Reduced.

Detection and Attribution of Anthropogenic Changes in Climate Extremes and Variability
Award Effective Date: 12/15/2006; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Bruce H Corliss($410,819), Duke University, Durham
Key terms: Climate Model Simulations, Detection And Attribution, Anthropogenic Influences, Climate Extremes, Climate Models, Climatic Extremes, Greenhouse Gas, Heat Waves, Ability, Available, Days, Ecosystems, Estimate, Estimates, Future, Has, Increasing, Rainfall, Realistically, Risk, Signals, Simulate, Society, Student, Temperature, Th, Thrust, Uncertainties.

Annual Workshop Supports for Young Scientists Network (YSN) of Analysis Integration and Modeling of the Earth System (AIMES)
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2006; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Kathy A Hibbard($139,904), University Corporation For Atmospheric Res, Boulder
Key terms: Effective, Integration, Peers, YSN.

Late 20th Century Hydrologic Change in Western North America: Regional Impacts and the Role of Climate
Award Effective Date: 07/21/2006; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

1. Shaleen Jain($196,081), University of Maine, Orono
Key terms: Western North.

American Meteorological Society (AMS) Journals to Developing Countries
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Community Programs

1. Keith Seitter($25,000), American Meteorological Society, Boston
Key terms: AMS, Countries, Journals, Meteorology, Weather.

MRI: Acquisition of a Full-Wave Interferometric Digital Radio System For Space Research and University Education
Award Effective Date: 08/15/2007; Program: EPSCoR Co-Funding

1. Brett C Isham($226,025), Inter American University of Puerto Rico San Juan, San Juan
Key terms: Stimulated Radio Emissions, Magnetic Field, Puerto Rico, Bayamón, Campus, Consisting, Earth, Electrons, Equipment, Interamerican, Observations, Observatories, Physics, Plasma, Plasmas, Processes, Program, Public, Radar, Space, Svalbard, Three-point, Turbulent, Undergraduate.

GEM: Modeling the Altitude Profile of Auroral Ion Heating in Return Current Regions
Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: EPSCoR Co-Funding

1. Eric J Lund($240,000), University of New Hampshire, Durham
Key terms: Ion Outflow, Altitude, Assumptions, Comparing, Current, Development, FAST, Global, Heating, Incorporated, Ionosphere, Ions, MHD, Magnetic, Magnetosphere, Model, Models, Module, Satellite.

Multi-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Simulations of Chromospheric Dynamics Using a Complete Electrical Conductivity Tensor
Award Effective Date: 05/15/2007; Program: EPSCoR Co-Funding

1. Michael L Goodman($499,959), West Virginia High Technology Consortium Foundation, Fairmont
Key terms: Chromospheric Dynamics, Electrical Conductivity, Information Technology, Wave Model, Code, Effect, Heating, Lower, MHD, Magnetic, NSF, Photosphere, Photospheric, Pis, Plans, Programs, Proton, Shock, Simulate, Solar, Tensor, Viscosity.

Collaborative Research: NSWP: Generation of Global Forecasts of Middle and Upper Atmospheric Gravity Wave Activity as Applied to the Prediction of Equatorial Spread-F (ESF)
Award Effective Date: 03/01/2007; Program: EPSCoR Co-Funding

1. Andrew J Gerrard($167,248), New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark
Key terms: Gravity Wave, Atmosphere, Characterized, Ray-tracing, Sources, Tropospheric, Weather.

The CSU-CHILL Radar Facility
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: FARE-Facil for Atmos Res & Ed

1. Viswanathan N Bringi($3,707,210), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
Key terms: Radar Facility, CHILL, Colorado, Combined, Continue, NSF, Program, S-POL, Storm, Technical.

High-Resolution E/F-Region Waves and Electrodynamics Studies Using the Arecibo Observatory Instrument Cluster and the Chain Radars
Award Effective Date: 12/15/2007; Program: Geospace Sci Cluster Prgrm

1. John D Mathews($918,877), Pennsylvania State Univ University Park, University Park
Key terms: Total Electron Content, Horizontal Gradients, Incoherent Scatter, Instability Structures, Space Weather, Arecibo, Available, Camera, F-region, Instabilities, Instruments, Nighttime, Observatory, Particular, Phenomena, Plumes, Spread-f, Students.

SuperMAG: The Global Magnetometer Initiative
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Geospace Sci Cluster Prgrm

1. Robin J Barnes($313,426), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
Key terms: Magnetic Perturbation, Added, Developed, Service.

DRU: A Multi-disciplinary Approach to Communicating Weather Forecast Uncertainty
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: HSD - DEC, RISK & UNCERTAINTY

1. Clifford F Mass($1,085,659), University of Washington, Seattle
Key terms: Forecast Uncertainty, Observed Values, Weather Forecasting, Applied, Communicating, Extreme, Forecasts, Information, Methods, Precipitation, Probabilistic, Probability, Producing, Public, Safety, Users.

Lateral Influences on Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) Initiations
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: Integrat & Collab Ed & Rsearch

1. Sharanya J Majumdar($519,043), University of Miami, Coral Gables
Key terms: Lateral Boundary Conditions, Lateral Boundary Initiation, Mjo Initiation, Boundaries, Experiments, Features, Importance, Mechanisms, Model, Models, Simulated, Tropical.

Further Advancement and Implementations of a Global Framework of Quasi-Uniform Rectangular Grids
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Integrat & Collab Ed & Rsearch

1. Miodrag Rancic($257,643), University of Maryland, College Park, College Park
Key terms: Atmospheric Flow, Quasi-uniform Grids, Regional Climate, Variable Resolution, Concept, Developed, Expansions, Forecasting, Framework, Global, Hurricanes, Implementations, Model, Modeling, Numerical, Prediction, Quasi-uniform, Schemes, Th, Treatment, Various.

Dynamics and Meteor Studies Using a Novel Radar at a Critical Southern Latitude
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: International Research Collab

1. Diego Janches($663,424), NorthWest Research Associates, Incorporated, Seattle
Key terms: Kw Peak Power, Meteor Radar, Achieve, Dynamic, Usuahia.

Micro-processes Driven by Shear Alfvén Waves Generating Parallel Potential Drop in the Auroral Plasma
Award Effective Date: 12/15/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Nagendra Singh($401,682), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville
Key terms: Electron Momentum Equation, Plasma Heating Resulting, Alfven Waves, Anomalous Collision, Anomalous Resistivity, Cavity Creation, Double Layer, Mirror Force, Two-fluid Model, Code, Electrostatic, Energy, Field, Formation, Has, Ii, Iii, Iv, Kinetic, MHD, Nonlinear, PPD, Parallel, Processes, Simulations, Teaching, Two-fluid.

A Three-Dimensional Global Hybrid Simulation Study of the Bow Shock and Its Interaction with the Dayside Magnetosphere
Award Effective Date: 11/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. XUEYI WANG($250,219), Auburn University, Auburn
Key terms: Bow Shock Transients, Ion Kinetic Effects, Spatial And Temporal, 3-d Global, 3-d Kinetic, 3-d Structure, Global Interaction, Pressure Pulses, Satellite Observations, Solar Wind, Code, Contribute, Dayside, Determination, Field, Foreshock, Highly, Hybrid, Magnetopause, Magnetosheath, Magnetosphere, Magnetospheric, Physics, Plasma, Quasi-parallel, Simulation.

Dynamical Data-based Modeling of the Magnetospheric Magnetic Field
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Mikhail Sitnov($121,550), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
Key terms: Geomagnetic Field Models, Basis Functions, Magnetic Field, Magnetic Storms, Solar Wind, Spatial Resolution, Account, Amplitude, Approach, Available, Based, Current, Database, Empirical, Existing, Explore, Fitting, Global, Interplanetary, Local, Magnetosphere, Magnetospheric, Modern, Observations, Set, Space, Spacecraft, Technique, Techniques, Time, Timescales.

NSWP: Advancing Radiation Belt Forecasting with Data Assimilation and Forecast Probabilities
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Josef Koller($300,000), Department of Energy Albuquerque Operations Office, Albuquerque
Key terms: Kalman Filtering, Los Alamos, Radiation Belt, Environment, Models, Predictive, Space, Uncertainties.

Simulation and Theory of Electron Holes and Double Layers Observed in the Magnetosphere, Ionosphere, and Solar Wind
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. David L Newman($345,791), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder
Key terms: Double Layers, Vlasov Simulation, EH, Electron, Holes, Space, Tool, Weak.

NSWP: Space Weather Prediction Using Hybrid Physics/Black-Box Methods
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Edmund Spencer($159,145), Utah State University, Logan
Key terms: Black Box Model, Nonlinear Black Box, Hybrid Model, Configuration, Correct, Dst, Indices, Low-order, Magnetosphere, Physics, Predict, Pressure, Relatively, WINDMI.

GEM: High Latitude M-I Coupling Studies Using Data Assimilation
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Thomas J Immel($291,000), ATMOSPHERIC & SPACE TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH ASSOCIATES, L.L.C., Louisville
Key terms: Field Aligned Currents, M-i Coupling, AMIE, Characteristics, Conductance, Conductances, Convection, Distributions, Electric, Electrodynamics, Electron, FAC, Facs, Fields, Geospace, Global, IDAD, Ionospheric, Latitude, M-I, Magnetosphere, Model, Potential, Satellite, Solar-terrestrial, Student, TIMEGCM, Various.

NSWP: Sustained Sub-auroral Storm Electric Fields: Polarization or Minimum Dissipation?
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Joseph B Baker($299,849), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
Key terms: Imf Clock Angle, Birkeland Currents, Return Flow, APL, Account, Asymmetry, Augsburg, Coupling, Electrodynamics, Flows, Intensity, Ionosphere, Magnetosphere, Magnetosphere-ionosphere, Observed, Physics, Quantifying, Storms.

GEM Postdoc: Investigation of the Trigger Mechanism for Sawtooth Events Using the Space Weather Modeling Framework
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Calvin Robert Clauer($159,763), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg
Key terms: Pulses And Magnetic, Solar Wind Pressure, Wind Pressure Pulses, Magnetic Field, Wind Pressure, Analysis, Conditions, Examine, Global, Has, MHD, Magnetosphere, Model, Sawtooth, Space.

NSWP: Space Weather Event Modeling of Plasma Injection in the Inner Magnetosphere
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Frank R Toffoletto($330,000), William Marsh Rice University, Houston
Key terms: Inner Magnetosphere, Available, Flux, Magnetic, RCM, Rice, Simulations, Space.

GEM: Influence of the Plasma Sheet Density, Temperature, and Local Time Asymmetry on the Ring Current Strength and Peak Location
Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Benoit Lavraud($306,000), Department of Energy Albuquerque Operations Office, Albuquerque
Key terms: Local Time Asymmetries, Plasma Sheet Properties, Boundary Layer, Current Region, Los Alamos, Ring Current, Solar Wind, Cold-dense, Density, Hot-tenuous, IMF, Inner, Magnetic, Magnetosphere, Observed, PSBL, Strength, Temperature, Transport.

GEM: Particle Energization and Loss Associated with Magnetospheric Compression
Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Kan Liou($276,000), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
Key terms: Plasma Sheet, Solar Wind, Aurora, Auroral, DMSP, Dramatic, Geotail, Global, Magnetospheric, Particle, Precipitation, Pressure, Satellite, Satellites, Time.

GEM: Combining Remote and In Situ Observations in the Plasma Sheet
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Simon Wing($332,434), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
Key terms: Ion And Electron, Plasma Sheet Ion, Sheet Ion, Entry, Investigate, Situ, Technique.

GEM: Turbulence and Structure in the Magnetospheric Cusps: Cluster Spacecraft Observations and Numerical Simulations
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Katariina Nykyri($233,453), Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach
Key terms: Low Frequency Turbulence, Analysis Methods, Diamagnetic Cavities, Particle Acceleration, Undergraduate Students, Boundaries, Compared, Cusp, ERAU, Effect, Formation, Motion, Reconnection, Satellite, Simulations.

Russian Auroral and Polar Ionospheric Disturbance Magnetometers (RapidMag)
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Kazue Takahashi($351,130), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
Key terms: Near-real-time Ae Indices, Near-real-time Ae, Space Weather, Auroral, Available, Dynamics, Existing, Magnetometer, Magnetometers, Magnetosphere, Nreal-time, Parameters, Rapidmag, Russia.

GEM: Influence of Solar Wind and Modes of Geomagnetic Activity on Plasma Sheet Turbulence
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. James M Weygand($179,128), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles
Key terms: Energy Transfer Rate, Probability Distribution Functions, Spatial And Temporal, Geomagnetic Activity, Ps Turbulence, Solar Wind, Turbulent Fluctuations, Effective, Examine, Field, Heating, Magnetic, Pdfs, Plasma.

Theory and Modeling of Discrete Auroral Radio Emissions
Award Effective Date: 04/15/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Peter H Yoon($107,950), University of Maryland, College Park, College Park
Key terms: Radio Waves, AKR, Auroral, Characterized, Described, Discrete, Eigenmodes, Frequency, Kilometric, Plasma, Radiation.

Storms and Substorms from Kinetic Plasma Theory Modeling
Award Effective Date: 04/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Wendell Horton($320,026), University of Texas at Austin, Austin
Key terms: Real-time Model, Basic, Earth, Energy, Features, Has, Magnetic, Magnetosphere, Modeling, Nonlinear, Physics, Plasma, Real-time, Solar, Source, Students, Substorm.

CEDAR: Interhemispheric High Latitude Ionospheric Electrodynamics Using a Coordinated Analysis of AMISR, Sondrestrom, SuperDARN and Other Data Sets
Award Effective Date: 03/10/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Calvin Robert Clauer($359,389), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg
Key terms: Interplanetary Magnetic Field, Electric Potential, Ionospheric Drift, Potential Cells, Simultaneous Development, Solar Wind, Atypical, Distribution, Global, Hemispheres, Models, Northern, Northward, Polar, Radar, Radars, Saturation, Southern, Strongly, Summer, Transpolar, Winter.

CAREER: Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection in the Earth's Magnetosphere
Award Effective Date: 03/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Michael A Shay($474,375), University of Delaware, Newark
Key terms: Space Physics Program, 3d Reconnection, Earth's Magnetosphere, Fermi Process, Increase Student, Magnetic Reconnection, Activities, Conditions, Dayside, Education, Extremely, Graduate, Magnetospheric, Mentor, Nature, Plasma, Plasmas, School, Signatures, Simulations, Students, Time, UDEL, Undergraduate.

Collaborative Research: Coordination for the Geospace Environment Modeling Workshops
Award Effective Date: 02/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Frank R Toffoletto($60,000), William Marsh Rice University, Houston
2. Calvin Robert Clauer($15,180), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg
Key terms: GEM, Organization, Organized, Rice, Workshops.

Triggered Large-scale Auroral Disturbances and Poleward Boundary Intensifications (PBIs): Polar Lonospheric Convection Evolution and Structure
Award Effective Date: 02/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Eftyhia Zesta($460,380), University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles
Key terms: Solar Wind Plasma, Wind And Imf, Auroral-zone Disturbances, Harang Region, Ionospheric Flows, Auroral-zone, Canadian, Convection, Coverage, Dayside, Development, Field, Polar-cap, Resulting, Unprecedented.

SGER: Development of a Three-Dimensional Unstructured Hybrid Plasma Model of Particle Ions Fluid Electrons for Applications to Solar and Magnetospheric Physics
Award Effective Date: 02/01/2007; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. None($50,000), West Virginia High Technology Consortium Foundation, Fairmont
Key terms: Code Construction, Hybrid Model, Magnetospheric Modeling, Space Plasmas, Analytic, Finite, Ion, Kinetic, Multi-resolution, Solar.

FDSS: Physics of the Ionosphere and Magnetosphere - Bridging the Gap between Solar and Terrestrial Research and Education
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2005; Program: MAGNETOSPHERIC PHYSICS

1. Andrew J Gerrard($1,000,376), New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark
Key terms: Ground-based Solar Physics, Experimental Ground-based, Ground-based Solar, Jersey Institute, Space Plasma, Array, CSTR, Center, Distributed, Education, Faculty, Junior, NJIT, Position, Program, Setting, Technology.

CMG: Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Vortices in Climate and Weather-Forecasting: Comparing and Blending Finite Volume Methods with Vortex/Radial Basis Function Algorithms
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: MATHEMATICAL GEOSCIENCES

1. Christiane Jablonowski($423,865), Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor
Key terms: Vortex Dominated Flows, Climate Modeling, Adaptive, Explored, Methods, Numerical, Schemes, Vortices, Weather.

CMG Collaborative Research: Multiscale Statistical Methodologies to Unravel Complexities in Atmospheric Turbulence Data
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: MATHEMATICAL GEOSCIENCES

1. Gabriel G Katul($80,426), Duke University, Durham
2. Brani D Vidakovic($243,856), Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta
Key terms: Analysis, Atmospheric, Dimensional, Forest, Sets, Turbulence.

CMG COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Development of Bayesian HierarchicalModels to Reconstruct Climate over the Past Millennium
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: MATHEMATICAL GEOSCIENCES

1. L. M Berliner($186,472), Ohio State University Research Foundation -DO NOT USE, Columbus
2. Tim Hoar($379,637), University Corporation For Atmospheric Res, Boulder
3. Michael N Evans($169,201), University of Arizona, Tucson
Key terms: Hockey Stick Graph, Surface Temperature, BHM, Climate, Controversy, Dispute, Past, Proxy, Reconstructions, Warming.

Collaborative Research: CMG--Freedom from Coordinate Systems, and Spectral Accuracy with Local Refinement: Radial Basis Functions for Climate and Space-Weather Prediction
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: MATHEMATICAL GEOSCIENCES

1. Grady B Wright($45,040), Boise State University, Boise
Key terms: Accuracy, Applications, Climate, Equations, Geometry, Geoscientists, Modeling, Solar, Spectral, Spherical.

CMG: Analysis of Transport, Mixing, and Coherent Structures in Hurricane Intensity
Award Effective Date: 07/01/2006; Program: MATHEMATICAL GEOSCIENCES

1. Michael T Montgomery($1,395,689), Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey
Key terms: Maximum Wind Intensity, Hurricane Intensity, Moist Air, Analyzing, Eye-wall, High-resolution, Methods, Mixing, Processes, Theory.

Feasibility Study of A-10 for Storm Penetration
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: MID-SIZE INFRASTRUCTURE

1. Haflidi H Jonsson($197,907), Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey
Key terms: A-, Extensive, T-.

The Arecibo High Frequency (HF) Facility: An Instrument to Study Ionospheric Physics
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: MID-SIZE INFRASTRUCTURE

1. Sixto A Gonzalez($1,222,642), Cornell University, Ithaca
Key terms: Arecibo Observatory, Hf Facility, Main Dish, Surplus Transmitters, Unique Combination, Aeronomy, Antenna, Capabilities, Construct, Environment, Has, Interaction, Near, OTH, Obtained, Office, Physics, Plasma, Power, Puerto, Radar, Rebuild, Space.

MRI: Development of Enhanced T-Probe for Aircraft Measurement of Mixed Phase Ice-Water Cloud
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: MID-SIZE INFRASTRUCTURE

1. Jack A Gillies($622,932), Nevada System of Higher Education, Desert Research Institute, Reno
Key terms: Measure Liquid Water, Ice Content, Aircraft, Beyond, Cloud, Clouds, Development, Employed, Enhanced, Graduate, Instrument, Particles, Probe, Resolution, Separate, Students, T-probe, Testing.

MRI: Development of the Active Temperature Ozone and Moisture Microwave Spectrometer (ATOMMS) cm and mm-wave Occultation Instrument
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: MID-SIZE INFRASTRUCTURE

1. William Bertiger($1,883,695), University of Arizona, Tucson
Key terms: Ghz Water Lines, Transmitters And Receivers, Aircraft-to-aircraft Occultation, Atomms Occultation, Radio Occultation, Aircraft-to-aircraft, Atmospheric, Built, Mission, NASA, Operations, Optical, Orbital, Ozone, Profiles, Tones, Unprecedented.

MRI: Development of a Compact Echelle Spectrograph for Aeronomical Research (CESAR)
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: Major Research Instrumentation

1. Elizabeth A Kendall($1,952,751), SRI International, Menlo Park
Key terms: Atmospheric Composition, Poker Flat, Postdoctoral Fellows, Academic, Access, Alaska, Atomic, Aurora, Broad, CESAR, Chemistry, Coverage, Degree, Design, Electron, Enable, Energy, Heating, Information, Instrument, Instruments, Investigations, Ionospheric, Range, Remote, Resolution, Sensitivity, Slit, Spectral, Students, Transportability, Utah, Wavelength.

MRI: Acquisition of an Integrated Atmospheric Chemistry Mobile Laboratory
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Major Research Instrumentation

1. Timothy VanReken($806,611), Washington State University, Pullman
Key terms: Gas Phase, Mobile Laboratory, Acquired, Aerosol, Aerosols, Atmospheric, Chemical, Chemistry, Dynamics, Emissions, Field, Instruments, Measure, Oxidants, Ozone, Particle, Particulate, Resulting, Species.

MRI: Development of a Multi-Channel Receiver for the Realization of Multi-Mission Capabilities at the National Weather Radar Testbed
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Major Research Instrumentation

1. Guifu Zhang($699,440), University of Oklahoma Norman Campus, Norman
Key terms: Numerical Weather Prediction, Auxiliary Channels, Cross-beam Wind, Multi-channel Receiver, Phased Array, Severe Weather, Signal Processing, Weather Radar, Weather Warnings, Accomplished, Advanced, Aircraft, Capability, Cross-beam, Current, Design, Detection, Digital, Instrument, Integration, Laboratory, Min, Multi-channel, Multi-mission, NWRT, National, OU, Oklahoma, Operational, Phenomena, Radars, Resolution, Share, Signals, Storm, Students, Techniques, Time, Tracking, Unique.

American Meteorological Society/National Science Foundation (AMS/NSF) Graduate Fellowships
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: NCAR-Nat Center Atmosph Resear

1. Keith Seitter($67,500), American Meteorological Society, Boston
Key terms: Atmospheric, Graduate, Hydrologic, Oceanic.

Millennial-scale Tropical Rainfall Variability From 100 to 20 ka: Testing Cross-Isthmian Water Vapor Transport and Feedbacks on Thermohaline Circulation
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Paleoclimate

1. Matthew S Lachniet($95,064), University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas
Key terms: Rainfall Amount, Thermohaline Circulation, Tropical Rainfall, Climate, Constrain, ITCZ, Proxy, Resolution, Time.

Collaborative Research: Holocene Fire-Climate Linkages In Southern South America: Explaining Regional Responses To Large-scale Climate Forcing
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Paleoclimate

1. Cathy L Whitlock($290,289), Montana State University, Bozeman
2. Patrick J Bartlein($160,305), University of Oregon Eugene, Eugene
Key terms: Climate, Fire, International, Paleo-fire, Vegetation.

Collaborative Research: Examining the Sensitivity of Sulfate Oxygen Isotopes in Ice Cores to Changes in Climate and Chemistry on Glacial-Interglacial Timescales
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: Paleoclimate

1. Daniel J Jacob($113,999), Harvard University, Cambridge
2. Becky Alexander($160,463), University of Washington, Seattle
Key terms: Atmospheric Oxidant Concentrations, Sulfate Oxygen Isotopes, Glacial-interglacial Timescales, Ice Cores, Climate, Glacial-interglacial, Global, Methane, Model, OH, Past, Sensitivity.

SGER: Testing the Tropical Cyclone-Induced Ocean Heat Pump Hypothesis in CCSM
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: Paleoclimate

1. Matthew Huber($37,806), Purdue University, West Lafayette
Key terms: Ocean Heat Transport, Cyclone Winds, Meridional Overturning, Ocean Model, Vertical Mixing, Wind Fields, Climate, Global, Increased, Tropical, Upper.

Understanding Climate-Biogeochemical Feedbacks During the Last Glacial Cycle: A Systematic Modeling and Paleo-Data Synthesis Approach
Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: Paleoclimate

1. Axel Timmermann($314,100), University of Hawaii, Honolulu
Key terms: Carbon Cycle, Glacial Period, Climate, Cores, Does, Forcing, Glacial-interglacial, Global, Holocene, Ice, Marine, Model, Modeling, Play, Strategy.

Continental Response to Abrupt Climatic Events from Speleothem Data, Southwestern United States
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Paleoclimate

1. Victor J Polyak($391,717), University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
Key terms: Abrupt, Climate, Examine, Speleothem, Transition.

SGER: Earth System Atlas
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Paleoclimate

1. Stephen J Reid($100,000), Lehigh University, Bethlehem
Key terms: Atlas, Broad, Global, Interactive, Maps, Time, Users, Web-based.

Understanding the Origins of Abrupt Climate Change
Award Effective Date: 04/01/2007; Program: Paleoclimate

1. Jose A Rial($298,407), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
Key terms: Abrupt Climate, Coupled, Ice, Oscillations.

SGER: Investigations of a Likely Extraterrestrial Impact at 12.9 ka: Possible Cause of Younger Dryas Cooling, North American Mammal Mass Extinction and Demise of Clovis People
Award Effective Date: 03/15/2007; Program: Paleoclimate

1. Luann Becker($53,073), University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara
Key terms: Cosmic Spherules, Sedimentary Layer, Bays, Black, Carbon, Climate, Evidence, Fullerenes, Region.

PECASE: High-resolution Malaysian Speleothem Records of Paleo-El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and 20th Century Calibration
Award Effective Date: 02/01/2007; Program: Paleoclimate

1. Kim M Cobb($610,768), Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta
Key terms: Tropical Pacific Climate, Global Climate, Miller Grove, Radiative Forcing, Rainfall Oxygen-18, Carbon-, Caves, Dripwater, EAS, ENSO, Investigate, Local, Magnesiumcalcite, Millennium, PECASE, Potential, Precipitation, Proxy, Speleothem, Speleothems, TWC.

Improving Climate Science Communications between Scientists and News Media
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2004; Program: Paleoclimate

1. Sunshine Menezes($196,600), University of Rhode Island, Kingston
Key terms: Activity, Communication, Journalists, Obstacles, Strategies, Workshop.

Collaborative Research: Physics of Stratocumulus Top (POST)
Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Qing Wang($101,185), Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey
2. Steven K Krueger($136,595), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
3. Carl A Friehe($213,058), University of California-Irvine, Irvine
4. Patrick Y Chuang($166,540), University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz
5. James G Hudson($210,769), Nevada System of Higher Education, Desert Research Institute, Reno
Key terms: Behavior And Evolution, Near Sc Top, Solar And Infrared, Boundary Layer, Cloud-top Entrainment, Entrainment Process, Entrainment Velocities, Affects, Aircraft, Cloud-top, Combination, Deployed, Droplet, Fast, Field, Fields, Fine-scale, Found, Influence, Model, Modeling, Phase, Planetary, Probe, Probes, Processes, Profiles, Radiation, Real-time, Size.

Collaborative Research: From Fine-Scale Mixing to the Mesoscale--Assessing the Climatic Impact of Trade-Wind Cumulus with RICO Data and Modeling
Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Bruce A Albrecht($361,711), University of Miami, Coral Gables
Key terms: Shallow Tropical Cumulus, Cumulus Clouds, Liquid Water, Numerical Modeling, Acquired, Broader, Datasets, Derived, Distributions, Effects, Examined, Experiment, Focus, Joint, K-band, Microphysical, Observations, Precipitation, RICO, Radar, Radiative, S-pol, Satellite, Statistical.

Collaborative Research: CEDAR--High Time-Resolution Sprite Imaging
Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Hans C Nielsen($302,264), University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus, Fairbanks
Key terms: Moving Streamer Heads, Spatial Resolution, Temporal Resolution, Upward Moving, Altitude, Analysis, Available, Development, Downward, Field, Ground, Less, Mesosphere, Milliseconds, Nm, Observational, Observations, Obtain, Phase, Possibly, Spectral, Sprite, Sprites, Start, Streamers, Unprecedented.

Quantification of Clustering in Warm (RICO) Cumuli
Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Bradley A Baker($374,911), STRATTON PARK ENGINEERING CO., INC., Boulder
Key terms: Broader Impacts, Droplet Clustering, Global Climate, Ice Crystals, Warm Clouds, Accurately, Aircraft, C-, Capable, Caused, Collision-coalescence, Colorado, Common, Comparatively, Computer, Confined, Conjunction, D-S, Degree, Development, Droplets, Falling, Information, Initial, Instrument, Interactions, Marine, Model, Observations, Particles, Past, Play, Precipitation, Presence, Probe, Processes, RICO, SPEC, Size, Utah, Water, Zones.

Collaborative Research: Turbulence Enhanced Droplet Growth by Collision-Coalescence
Award Effective Date: 12/15/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Lian-Ping Wang($208,505), University of Delaware, Newark
2. Alberto Aliseda($325,681), University of Washington, Seattle
Key terms: Collision Kernel, Natural Clouds, Climate, Collision-coalescence, Computational, Developed, Development, Distribution, Droplet, Droplets, Effects, Experimental, Interactions, Methods, PIV, Physics, Precipitation, Prediction, Resolved, Size, Sizes, Turbulent, Unique, Weather.

The Application of Global Positioning System (GPS) Sondes to Hurricane Intensity Evolution
Award Effective Date: 12/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Gary M Barnes($398,250), University of Hawaii, Honolulu
Key terms: Gps Sondes Deployed, Wind And Thermodynamic, Aircraft In-situ, Hurricane Intensity, Inner Core, Altitude, Archive, Benefits, Board, Circulation, Cross-sections, Development, Distance-height, Division, Efficient, Energy, Eye, Eyewall, Fields, G-IV, Has, Hurricanes, In-situ, Inflow, Instability, Landfall, Life, Lower, NOAA, NSF, National, Portion, Principal, Radial, Storm, Substantial, Weather.

Studies of Convection in the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME)
Award Effective Date: 11/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Timothy J Lang($565,000), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
Key terms: Coastal Plain, Mesoscale Organization, Algorithms, California, Convection, Gulf, Monsoon, NAM, NAME, North, Principal, Processes, Rainfall, Region, Summer, Terrain, Was.

Airborne Measurement of Cloud Perturbation Pressures Using Differential Global Positioning System (GPS)
Award Effective Date: 11/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. David Leon($264,051), University of Wyoming, Laramie
Key terms: Horizontal Pressure Gradient, Horizontal Pressure Perturbations, Pressure Gradient Force, Airborne Platforms, Convective Clouds, Convective Motions, Differential Gps, Gps Position, Isobaric Surface, Motion Field, Application, Atmospheric, Base, Circulations, Detection, Dynamics, Forcing, Information, Means, Mesoscale, Microscale, PGF, Shown, Technique, Terrain, UWKA, Wyoming.

SGER: Cyclones, Cones, and Confusion: A Study of Visual Communication
Award Effective Date: 11/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Gina Eosco($51,791), American Meteorological Society, Boston
Key terms: Hurricane Warning, National Hurricane, Real-time Observation, Communication, Forecasters, Forecasts, Graphic, Has, Information, Interviews, Perception, Public, Real-time, Visual, Warnings.

Observations and Modeling of Orographic Cumulus Development Using Data Collected During CuPIDO 2006
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Joseph A Zehnder($271,658), Creighton University, Omaha
Key terms: Boundary Layer, Cloud Resolving, Deep Convection, Desert Southwest, Subsequent Development, Analysis, Based, Collected, Conditions, Convective, Cumulus, Cupido, Doppler, Environment, Evolution, Extend, Forecasters, Information, Interaction, Local, Model, Models, Numerical, Onset, Particular, Principal, Process, Shallow, Simulations, Surface.

Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes 2 (VORTEX2) : Scientific Program Overview (SPO)
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Erik N Rasmussen($239,348), The Center for Severe Weather Research, Boulder
Key terms: Analysis And Prediction, Near-ground Wind Field, Numerical Weather Prediction, Storm-scale Numerical Weather, Fixed Observing, Larger-scale Environment, Near-ground Wind, Storm-scale Numerical, Supercell Thunderstorms, Ability, Advances, Allow, Assessment, Assimilation, Central, Characteristics, Damage, Downdrafts, Experiment, Foci, Formation, Heterogeneity, Improvements, Larger-scale, Maintenance, Mesoscale, Microphysical, Mobile, Observations, Parent, Phase, Pre-storm, Region, Sensitivity, Severe, Spatial, Storms, Structures, Supercells, Temporal, Tethered, Thermodynamic, Tornadic, Tornado, Tornadoes, Tornadogenesis, VORTEX, Vertical, Warning, Winds.

Collaborative Research: Multi-Scale Study of Lake Breezes and the Impact of Marine Boundary Layers on Convection in the Great Lakes Region
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Neil F Laird($288,720), Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva
2. David A Kristovich($301,958), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana
Key terms: Lakes Lake Breezes, Marine Boundary Layers, Spatial And Temporal, Climate Conditions, Environmental Conditions, Inland Movement, Lake-breeze Occurrence, Lakes Region, Marine Layer, Regional Climate, Air, Aspects, Circulations, Coastal, Contribute, Convective, Decrease, Examine, Examined, Forecast, Has, Illinois, Influence, Information, Inter-annual, Intra-seasonal, Issue, Lake-breeze, Lake-cooled, Limited, Mesoscale, Nshore, Observational, Participation, Precipitation, Presentations, Program, Seeks, Severe, Significantly, Students, Summer, Urban.

Using a Regional-scale Model to Analyze the Scale Dependence of Convection, Cloud Microphysics, and Fractional Cloudiness
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. None($353,695), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
Key terms: Cloud Microphysics, Fractional Cloudiness, Horizontal Resolution, Numerical Experiments, Parameterized Convection, Moist, Parameterizations, Processes, Resolutions, Run, Set, Simulate, Spatial, WRF.

Influence of Urbanization on Weather in the Arid Phoenix Metropolitan Area
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Joseph A Zehnder($447,808), Arizona State University, Tempe
Key terms: Conditions And Urban, Development And Propagation, Numerical Weather Prediction, Complex Terrain, Mesoscale Circulations, Model Performance, Model Refinements, Phoenix Metropolitan, Thermal Circulations, Urban Architectures, Anthropogenic, Arizona, Climate, Effects, Implemented, Land, Meteorological, NCAR, Processes, Region, Specific, Summer, Surface, Thunderstorms, Urbanization, WRF, Wrfnoahucm.

Collaborative Research: Measurements and Modeling of Subgrid-scale Turbulence in the Atmospheric Surface Layer
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. John C Wyngaard($408,587), Pennsylvania State Univ University Park, University Park
2. Chenning Tong($389,533), Clemson University, Clemson
Key terms: Sgs Model Performance, Stress And Flux, Boundary Layer, Sgs Stress, Surface Layer, ABL, Applications, Array, Atmospheric, Developed, Dynamics, Equation, Essential, Field, Grid, Has, JPDF, LES, Modeling, Numerical, Observations, Processes, Program, Resolvable-scale, Resolved, Simulation, Statistics, Subgrid-scale, Technique, Tool, Tools, Transport, Variables.

Cloud and Precipitation Studies Using a Millimeter-Wavelength Radar
Award Effective Date: 08/15/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Bruce A Albrecht($566,833), University of Miami, Coral Gables
Key terms: Cloud And Precipitation, Doppler Radar, Melting Layer, Opportunistic Observations, Stratiform Rain, Vertical Structure, Applications, Developed, Enable, Focus, Ghz, Lead, Meteorology, Microphysics, Objectives, Observational, Observed, Resolution, Sampling, Techniques, Technological, UM.

CAREER: A Universal Framework for Large-Eddy Simulation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flow Over Complex Terrain
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Fotini K Chow($598,230), University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley
Key terms: Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Interactive Modeling Website, Turbulent Length Scales, Complex Terrain, Flow Features, Graduate Students, K-12 Students, Large-eddy Simulation, Lawrence Hall, Numerical Methods, Numerical Modeling, Outreach Program, Universal Framework, ABL, Air, Assistantships, Circulations, Conditions, Control, Course, Directly, Experience, Flows, Has, LES, LHS, Lead, Motions, Mountainous, Potential, Processes, Public, Reach, Regional, Rotors, Simulations, Steep, Topography, UC, Undergraduate, Valley, Waves, Weather, Winds.

Optical and Electromagnetic Investigations of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning in the Context of In-Cloud Discharge Processes
Award Effective Date: 06/15/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. William H Beasley($403,733), University of Oklahoma Norman Campus, Norman
Key terms: Entire In-cloud Discharge, Long-term Observing Capability, National Weather Center, Optical And Electromagnetic, Central Oklahoma, Cg Lightning, Entire In-cloud, In-cloud Discharge, Lightning Flashes, Long-term Observing, Los Alamos, Advantage, Array, Existing, Future, Observations, Observed, Program, Programs, Students, Time, Various.

Impact of Terrain, Land-sea Boundaries, and Urban Areas on Convective Initiation, Structure, and Evolution over the Northeast United States
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Brian A Colle($225,840), SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook
Key terms: Convection Evolves, Convective Climatology, Convective Evolution, Marine Layer, Severe Convection, Various Convective, Boundaries, Coast, Distribution, Elevated, England, Explore, Features, Flow, Graduate, Initiation, Large-scale, Lightning, Mesoscale, Model, Modeling, NYC, Near, Northeast, Numerical, Observations, Processes, Region, Relatively, Sea, Simulations, Southern, Synoptic, Terrain, Undergraduate, Urban, WSR-D, Water.

CAREER: Kinetics Studies and Ground Based Atmospheric Observations of Tropospheric Aerosol Nucleation
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Shan-Hu Lee($774,296), Kent State University, Kent
Key terms: Atmospheric Chemistry, Nucleation Rates, Sulfuric Acid, Aerosol, Education, Global, Investigated, Organic, Organics, School, Students.

Collaborative Research: Evaluation of Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Processes and Feedbacks in the Alaskan Arctic
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Timothy J Garrett($324,121), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
2. Xiquan Dong($99,822), University of North Dakota Main Campus, Grand Forks
Key terms: Long-term Seasonal, Aerosol, Alaska, Arctic, Changing, Climate, Cloud, Component, Development, Efforts, Long-term, Low-level, Mechanisms, Pollution, Precipitation, Properties, Surface.

New Statistical Techniques for Probabilistic Weather Forecasting - Stage II
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Roman Krzysztofowicz($741,947), University of Virginia Main Campus, Charlottesville
Key terms: Bayesian Statistical Theory, Developed And Tested, Bayesian Processor, Ensemble Forecasting, Model Output, Operational Forecasting, Precipitation Occurrence, Primary Benchmark, Probabilistic Forecasting, Weather Variates, Advance, BPE, BPO, Climatic, Evaluation, Expected, Flood, Forecasts, Ii, Information, Informative, Models, NWP, Objective, Optimally, Pqpfs, Predictand, Predictands, Reliable, Set, Stage, Technique, Temperature, Uncertainty, Verification, Was.

CAREER: A Study of the Radiative Effects of Cloud Shadows on the Dynamics of Long-Lived Convective Storms
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Paul M Markowski($747,592), Pennsylvania State Univ University Park, University Park
Key terms: Baroclinic Horizontal Vorticity, Long-lived Convective Storms, Dynamical Effects, Educational Component, Long-lived Convective, Museum Exhibit, Numerical Models, Radiative Effects, Radiative Transfer, Severe Storms, Storm Inflow, Time Scales, Anvils, Atmospheric, Beneath, Characteristics, Cloud, Convection, Cooling, Development, Dynamics, Exercises, Forcing, Has, Interactive, Investigate, Low-level, Modifications, Processes, Rotation, Shadows, Students, Surface, Temperature, Three-dimensional.

Hygroscopic Properties of Microstructured Aerosols
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Asit K Ray($118,520), University of Kentucky Research Foundation, Lexington
Key terms: Microstructured Aerosols, Aspects, Atmospheric, Chemical, Coatings, Compounds, Droplets, Environmental, Graduate, Microstructures, Nanoparticles, Particles, Play, Processes, Properties, Soot, Various.

Diagnoses of Ice Initiation in Clouds from Airborne In Situ, Radar and Lidar Observations
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Gabor Vali($464,347), University of Wyoming, Laramie
Key terms: Wyoming Cloud Radar, Wyoming King Air, Cloud Types, Ice Initiation, Ice Particles, Aircraft, Analysis, Atmospheric, Clouds, Conditions, Dynamic, Field, Has, ICE-L, Included, NSF, Observations, Past, Processes, Situ, Situations, Spatial, Stratiform.

Development of Efficient Three-Dimensional Models of Lightning Discharges
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Victor Pasko($462,477), Pennsylvania State Univ University Park, University Park
Key terms: Negative Lightning Leaders, Positive And Negative, Leader Trees, Lightning Discharges, Lightning Models, Models Based, Streamer Zones, Air, Approach, Blue, Channels, Charge, Conditions, Development, Directed, Discovered, Efficient, Electric, Electrical, Features, Fractal, Gigantic, Jet, Modeling, Outstanding, Pressure, Range, Specific, Three-dimensional, Thundercloud.

Soot, Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) and Small Particle Shape Discrimination in Clouds
Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Gregory L Kok($241,112), Droplet Measurement Technologies, Boulder
Key terms: Cloud Particle, Soot Mass, Active, Aerosol, Air, CAS, CCN, Concentration, ICE-L, Ice, Instruments, Nuclei, PACDEX, Particles, Properties, Size, Water.

Conference Support for the 9th International Meeting on Light and Color in Nature; Bozeman, Montana; June 25-29, 2007
Award Effective Date: 04/15/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Joseph A Shaw($8,000), Montana State University, Bozeman
Key terms: Students.

Studies of Convection and Lightning
Award Effective Date: 04/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Timothy J Lang($554,681), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
Key terms: Lightning Mapping, Severe Weather, Activity, Bow, Characteristics, Charge, Cloud, Combining, Convection, Development, Discharges, Electrical, Mcss, NEXRAD, Precipitation, Processes, Radar, Storm, Tles.

North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) Sounding Data Quality Control and Diagnostic Studies
Award Effective Date: 04/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. None($422,405), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
Key terms: Gridded Analyses, Gridded Analysis, Monsoon Phenomena, Name Sounding, Archive, Coastal, Convection, Dataset, Diagnostic, Fields, Model, North, Observations, Precipitation, Processes, Quality, Region, Tropical.

Mass Spectrometry Measurements of the Size-Resolved Single Particle Mixing State of Atmospheric Aerosols and Ice and Cloud Nuclei During ICE-L
Award Effective Date: 04/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Kimberly A Prather($364,374), University of California-San Diego, La Jolla
Key terms: Ice Crystal, Ice Nucleation, Ice Nuclei, Lab Studies, A-ATOFMS, Aerosol, Aerosols, Aircraft, Chemical, Chemistry, Climate, Clouds, Concentrations, Dust, Exhibit, Findings, ICE-L, Measured, Mixing, Particles, Properties, Public.

Simulations of Aerosol Influences on Severe Convective Storms
Award Effective Date: 04/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. William R Cotton($578,293), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
Key terms: Dust And Pollution, Severe Storm, Aerosol, Cloud, Convective, Dynamics, Forecasting, Hail, Lead, Models, Physics, Principal, Products, Severity, Storms, Techniques, Weather.

Travel Support for the 17th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA); Galway, Ireland; August 13-17, 2007
Award Effective Date: 03/15/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. None($18,600), Colorado State University, Fort Collins
Key terms: Applicants, ICNAA, International, Meeting.

Suction Vortices, Spiral Breakdown and Multiple Vortices in Tornadoes
Award Effective Date: 03/15/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Brian H Fiedler($188,127), University of Oklahoma Norman Campus, Norman
Key terms: Larger Vortex, Satellite Vortex, Satellite Vortices, Thunderstorm Model, Vortex Breakdown, Wind Speed, Engineering, Simulation, Tornadoes.

REU Site: Real-World Research Experiences at the National Weather Center
Award Effective Date: 03/15/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Kevin A Kloesel($649,440), University of Oklahoma Norman Campus, Norman
Key terms: Reu Program, Undergraduate Students, Academic, Competitive, Has, Knowledge, Participants, Past, Percent, Private, Proven, Public, Report, Skills, Underrepresented, Workforce.

Integrated Laboratory and Modeling Studies of Early Cold-Cloud Development
Award Effective Date: 03/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Jerry Harrington($619,998), Pennsylvania State Univ University Park, University Park
Key terms: Growing Ice Particles, Mass Accommodation Coefficient, Ice Growth, Numerical Modeling, Vapor Phase, Atmospheric, Cloud, Clouds, Concentrations, Evolution, Laboratory, Laboratory-modeling, Mechanisms, Methods, Microphysical, Models, Processes, Rates, Students, Supersaturation, Supersaturations.

Warm Season Convective Weather Systems over the Great Lakes and Vicinity
Award Effective Date: 03/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Lance F Bosart($341,037), SUNY at Albany, Albany
Key terms: Weather Prediction Models, Convective Weather, Life Cycles, Mesoscale Convective, Severe Weather, Triggering Upper-level, Warm Season, Wrf Model, Analyses, Assess, Availability, BAMEX, Convection, Datasets, Derechos, Development, Facilitate, Focus, Forcing, Forecast, Gridded, Knowledge, Lakes, MCV, Mcsderecho, Mcvs, NOAA, Operational, Operations, Permit, RUC, Resolution, Simulations, Structure, Students, Surface, Targeted, Transfer, Upper-level.

Aircraft Studies of Charge-Enhanced Contact Ice Nucleation
Award Effective Date: 03/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Kenneth V Beard($329,392), Atmospheric Physics Associates, Savoy
Key terms: Aerosol Particles, Cloud Drops, Ice Formation, Principal Investigators', Atmospheric, Charge, Clouds, Contact, Critical, Initial, Lead, Obtained, Processes, Properties, Scavenging.

Formative Dynamics of Mammatus Clouds in Thunderstorm Cirrus
Award Effective Date: 03/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Katharine M Kanak($318,006), University of Oklahoma Norman Campus, Norman
Key terms: Mammatus Clouds, Thunderstorm Cirrus, Atmosphere, Convection, Dynamics, Formation, Involved, Layers, Microphysical, Processes, Student.

Biological Ice Nucleators in the Atmosphere, 2007 International Union on Geodesy and Geophysics General Assembly; Perugia, Italy; July 2-13, 2007
Award Effective Date: 02/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Gabor Vali($23,302), University of Wyoming, Laramie
Key terms: Biogenic Ice Nuclei, Active, Atmospheric, Bacteria, Control, Has, Importance, Meeting, Processes.

Remote Measurements of Lightning Current and Charge Transfer with Low Frequency ElectroMagnetic (EM) Sensors
Award Effective Date: 02/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. Steven A Cummer($324,126), Duke University, Durham
Key terms: Current And Charge, Gamma Ray Flashes, Lightning Charge Transfer, Lightning Remote Sensing, Remote Sensing Techniques, Terrestrial Gamma Ray, Transfer And Continuing, Continuing Currents, Analysis, Atmospheric, Broader, Characteristics, Effort, Geographic, Has, Instrumentation, Media, Meteorological, Past, Quantitative, Range, Resource.

Mechanisms of Intermountain Cold Front Evolution
Award Effective Date: 02/01/2007; Program: Physical & Dynamic Meteorology

1. W. James Steenburgh($387,487), University of Utah, Salt Lake City
Key terms: Elevated Moist Convection, Boundary Layer, Cold Fronts, Combined Effects, Frontal Evolution, Hazardous Weather, Intermountain West, Mountain Ranges, Orographic Effects, Sierra Nevada, Surface Heating, Analysis, Basin, Development, Diabatic, Downstream, Dynamically, Dynamics, Graduate, Idaho, Influence, Intense, Land-falling, Observations, Processes, Radar, Rapid, Simulations, Students, Utah, World.

Helioseismology and Solar Magnetic Fields: Studying the Forward Problem
Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL

1. Sarbani Basu($399,383), Yale University, New Haven
Key terms: Internal Magnetic Fields, Magnetic Fields Inside, Solar Magnetic, Climate, Global, Helioseismic, Modes, Sun.

The Physics of Quiet Sun Magnetic Fields
Award Effective Date: 11/01/2007; Program: SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL

1. William P Abbett($311,075), University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley
Key terms: Field And Atmosphere, Quiet Sun Magnetic, Sun Magnetic Field, Inversion Techniques, Solar Corona, Code, Combined, Convection, Energy, Evolution, Layers, Surface.

NSWP: Automated Monitoring and Forecasting of Space Weather using Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL

1. Frank Y Shih($151,415), New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark
Key terms: Flux Emergence, Magnetic Reconnection, Active, Algorithm, CME, Characterization, Component, Detect, Establish, Flare, Prediction, Recognition, Regions, SVM, Solar, Techniques.

NSWP: Turbulence in the Solar Photosphere
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL

1. Vasyl Yurchyshyn($300,933), New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark
Key terms: Active Regions, Coronal Holes, Photospheric Turbulence, Ars, Flare, Flares, Flux, Magnetic, Power, Proposing, Solar, Spectrum, Strong.

NSWP: Kinetic Turbulence-Driven Solar Wind Model Through the Resonant Cyclotron Interaction - Protons and Alpha Particles
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL

1. Benjamin D Chandran($464,331), University of New Hampshire, Durham
Key terms: Coronal Hole, Solar Wind, Acceleration, Behavior, CME, Detailed, Effort, Evolution, Global, Heating, Interaction, Kinetic, Microphysical, Model, Observed, Particles, Pis, Plasma, Propagation, Required, Resonant, Simulations, Spectra, Wave.

Continued Support of the Bruny Island Radio Spectrometer
Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL

1. Hilary V Cane($77,500), Erickson, William C, Bruny Island, Tasmania
Key terms: Solar Radio Observations, Additional Five, Available, BIRS, Bank, Bursts, Culgoora, Day, Energetic, Frequency, GBSRBS, Mhz, Nearly, Operation, Period, STEREO, Similar, Space-based, Spectrometer, Time, Useful.

SHINE Postdoc: Understanding Solar Electron Bursts Below 1.4keV
Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL

1. Curt A de Koning($68,726), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder
Key terms: Electron Bursts, Energy Spectrum, Solar Electron, Suprathermal Electrons, ACE, Energetic, Genesis, Heliosphere, Observed, Origin, Width.

Forward Fitting Methods for Radio Spectral Diagnostics of Solar Flares
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL

1. Gelu M Nita($377,378), New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark
Key terms: Imaging Radio Spectroscopy, Particle Acceleration, Array, Available, Emission, Methods, Models, Processes, Reliable, Resolution, Solar.

SHINE: Compound Solar Energetic Particle Events in the Heliosphere: Data Analysis and Modeling
Award Effective Date: 04/01/2007; Program: SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL

1. Robert B Decker($313,489), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
Key terms: Energetic Particle Reservoirs, Compound Sep, Inner Heliosphere, Conditions, Investigate, Limit, Magnetic, Model, Numerical, Pitch-angle, Processes, Solar, Streaming, Transport.

REU Site: Solar Physics Program at Montana State University
Award Effective Date: 04/01/2006; Program: SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL

1. David E McKenzie($597,156), Montana State University, Bozeman
Key terms: Faculty Mentor, Solar Physics, Component, Continue, MSU, Pis, Program, REU, Space, Students.

A New Era in Ground-Based Optical Aeronomy at Millstone Hill
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: Upper Atmospheric Facilities

1. Pallamraju Duggirala($864,615), Trustees of Boston University, Boston
Key terms: Energy And Momentum, Mesosphere And Thermosphere, Traveling Atmospheric Disturbances, Gravity Wave, Millstone Hill, Altitude, Boston, Continuous, Daytime, Dynamics, Effort, Fabry-perot, Imaging, Large-scale, Mechanisms, Observing, Obtained, Optical, Processes, Region, Spectrograph, Temperature, Time, Wind, Yield.

NSWP: Space Weather of the Thermosphere from CHAMP and GRACE Accelerometer Measurements
Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Upper Atmospheric Facilities

1. Robert S Nerem($537,930), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder
Key terms: Exospheric Temperatures, Local Time, Solar Cycle, Space Weather, Activity, Atmosphere, CHAMP, Densities, Density, Derive, Global, Longitude, Magnetic, Maximum, Models, Observations, Obtained, Orbital, Pole, Relative, Satellite, Satellites, Training, Variety, View, Winds.

MRI: Development of a Mobile Fe-Resonance/Rayleigh/Mie Doppler Lidar
Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: Upper Atmospheric Facilities

1. Jeffrey Thayer($1,197,260), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder
Key terms: Day And Night, Graduate And Undergraduate, Doppler Lidar, Advanced, Aerosol, Applications, Estimate, Fe, Instrument, Laser, Mesosphere, Mobile, Revolutionary, Robust, State-of-the-art, Stratosphere, Students, Technologies, Technology, Temperature, Temperatures, Tool, Winds.

Collaborative Research: CEDAR--Experimental and Modeling Study of Mesoscale Ion-Neutral Coupling in the Auroral Thermosphere
Award Effective Date: 04/15/2007; Program: Upper Atmospheric Facilities

1. Miguel F Larsen($387,906), Clemson University, Clemson
2. Aaron J Ridley($137,524), Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor
Key terms: Auroral Thermosphere, Joule Heating, Neutral Wind, AMISR, Coupling, Mesoscale.

CAREER: Understanding the Global MLT Thermal Structure and Dynamics from Lidar and Satellite Observations and GCM Simulations
Award Effective Date: 04/15/2007; Program: Upper Atmospheric Facilities

1. Xinzhao Chu($569,114), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder
Key terms: Lidar Remote Sensing, Middle And Upper, Middle Atmosphere, Significantly Advance, Thermal Structure, Academic, Activities, Applications, Atmospheric, Developing, Education, Establishing, Global, Increase, Knowledge, MLT, Models, Region.

Collaborative Research: CEDAR: Mid-Latitude and Equatorial Electrodynamics and Severe Space Weather during the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System (C/NOFS) Era
Award Effective Date: 02/01/2007; Program: Upper Atmospheric Facilities

1. Andrew J Gerrard($16,932), New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark
Key terms: All-sky, CNOFS, Huancayo, Irregularities, Jicamarca, Mission, Observations, Observatory, Plasma, Radar, Scintillations.

SGER: Hydrodynamics of the Caribbean Low-Level Jet and Its Relationship to Drought
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: nan

1. Edward K Vizy($29,587), Cornell Univ - State: AWDS MADE PRIOR MAY 2010, Ithaca
Key terms: Caribbean Low-level Jet, Global Climate Models, Caribbean Low-level, Low-level Jet, Plains Jet, Supplying Moisture, Analyses, Capture, Central, Drought, Hydrodynamics, Mechanisms, North, Output, Principal, Reanalysis.

SGER: Sea Surface Temperature (SST) - North American Drought Links in 20th Century Simulations and 21st Century Climate Projections
Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: nan

1. Alfredo Ruiz-Barradas($30,000), University of Maryland, College Park, College Park
Key terms: Precipitation-based Drought Index, 20th Century, Model Simulations, Precipitation-based Drought, Analysis, Climate, Examination, Initial, Links, Mechanisms, Models, North, Projections, SST, Simulating, Sst-drought.

SGER: Diagnosing El Nino-induced Tropical Droughts in Seasonal Forecasts and Climate Change Projections
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: nan

1. Lisa Goddard($29,889), Columbia University, New York
Key terms: Global Climate Models, 20th Century, 21st Century, Coupled Models, El Nino, Seasonal Forecasts, Tropical Drought, Tropical Droughts, CPTEC, Conditions, De, Extent, Frequency, Initial, Intensity, Output, Precipitation, Projections, Realistic, Reliability, Severity, Spatial, Trends.

SGER: El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Droughts over North America--The Interdecadal Variability of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Forced Signal
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: nan

1. Annalisa Bracco($28,449), Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta
Key terms: Occurrence And Duration, 20th Century, Tropical Pacific, Agcms, Anomalies, Atmospheric, Circulation, Climate, Drought, Droughts, ENSO, Exploratory, Mechanisms, Models, Modulating, North, Output, Particular, Potential, SST, Tropics, Variance.

SGER: The Role of Land-Atmosphere Coupling in Perpetuating Drought
Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: nan

1. David J Lorenz($29,982), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
Key terms: Strong Land-atmosphere Coupling, Climate Models, Intense Droughts, Land-atmosphere Coupling, Soil Moisture, Strong Land-atmosphere, Duration, Effect, Global, Hydrological, North, Observations, Persistence, Precipitation, Program, Regional, Regions, Reliability.

Plasma Transport at the Magnetospheric Flank Boundary
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: nan

1. Jay R Johnson($420,604), University of Alaska Fairbanks Campus, Fairbanks
Key terms: Magnetic Field, Plasma Physics, Space Physics, Alaska, Curriculum, Fairbanks, Graduate, Has, KH, Magnetosphere, NSF-DOE, PPPL, Plasmas, Programs, Reconnection, Simulation, Students, Training, Transport, UAF, Undergraduate.

Collaborative Research: A New 50 MHz Radar for Meteor and Aeronomical Science
Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: nan

1. Julio Urbina($461,063), Pennsylvania State Univ University Park, University Park
Key terms: Non-specular Trails, Atmospheric, Characterization, Echoes, Meteor, Non-specular, Radar, Radio, Upper.

REU Site: An Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Research Experience in Solar and Space Physics: The University of Colorado and Its Consortium Partners
Award Effective Date: 03/15/2007; Program: nan

1. Daniel N Baker($367,514), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder
Key terms: Solar And Space, Reu Program, Reu Site, Space Physicists, Space Physics, Summer School, Boulder, Center, Colorado, Consortium, Council, Field, Graduate, Has, NSF, National, Programs, Supported, Undergraduate, Undergraduates.

Collaborative Research: Global Cloud Climatology from Surface Observations: Analyses and Decadal Update
Award Effective Date: 01/01/2007; Program: nan

1. Stephen G Warren($186,126), University of Washington, Seattle
2. Carole J Hahn($456,465), University of Arizona, Tucson
Key terms: Climate, Cloud, Clouds, Comparing, Databases, Day, Diurnal, Global, Interannual, Land, Observations, Ocean, Produced, Ships, Trends, Updated.

NSF-GEO-AGS Awards for 2007

12th International Symposium on Equatorial Aeronomy (ISEA); Crete, Greece; May 12-24, 2008 Award Effective Date: 03/01/2008; Program: AERONOMY

CEDAR: All-Sky Mapping of E-Region Neutral Winds Above Poker Flat, Alaska Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: AERONOMY

Probing Space Weather Events with the Cornell University Portable Radar Imager (CUPRI) Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: AERONOMY

CEDAR: Mesospheric Dynamics with Airglow Imaging, Photometry and Meteor Radar Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: AERONOMY

CEDAR: Quantifying Mesospheric Gravity Waves and Associated Temperature Variability Over the Andes Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: AERONOMY

CEDAR: Verification of the Theory of Multiple Scattering of High-Frequency (HF) Signals in the Ionosphere with Small-scale Irregularities Award Effective Date: 12/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

CEDAR: Remote Oxygen Sensing by Ionospheric Excitation (ROSIE) Award Effective Date: 12/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

Hydroxyl and Nitric Oxide Chemistry Relevant to Mesospheric and Lower Thermospheric Energy Budget Award Effective Date: 12/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

CEDAR Postdoc: Analysis and Modeling of Breaking Short Period Gravity Waves and Their Effects on the Dynamic Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Award Effective Date: 12/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

Simulations and Theory of Streamer Discharges in Transient Luminous Events Award Effective Date: 10/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

CEDAR: Obtaining Physical Drivers from Ionospheric Imaging Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

SCOSTEP: U.S. Participation in the Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

CEDAR: Post Doc: Signal Processing of O[II] Emission Spectra from Observations Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

CEDAR Postdoc: Modeling Studies of Optical Properties of Sprite Streamers and their Chemical Effects on the Upper Atmosphere Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

Studies of the Terrestrial Atmosphere Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

NSWP: Investigation of the Plasma Source for Storm Enhanced Densities and its Relationship to Sub-auroral Polarization Stream (SAPS) Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

Collaborative Research: NSWP--Scintillation-Scale Ionospheric Imaging using GPS and other RF Data in Inverse Diffraction Algorithms Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

Collaborative Research: NSWP--Investigation of Global E-region Conductivities Relevant to the Seeding and Variability of Equatorial Spread F Using Measurements from COSMIC Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

NSWP: Equatorial Investigations in the Pacific Sector Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

Radio Frequency Modification of Dust-Associated Irregularities in the Polar Summer Mesosphere Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

CEDAR: Global Climatology of Mesospheric Inversion Layers Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

Collaborative Research: CEDAR--Optical Aeronomical Observations at Millstone Hill Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

CEDAR: RUI--Quenching of Vibrationally-Excited Ozone by Atomic Oxygen Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

Advancing Space Weather Science and Its Use Through Policy Research Award Effective Date: 07/15/2007; Program: AERONOMY

CEDAR: Meteor Plasmas--Theory, Simulations and Observations Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

Study of Mutual Diffusion Effects in the Upper Atmosphere and Thermospheric Gravity Wave Processes Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

Collaborative Research: Coordinated Imaging and Scintillation Study of the Conjugate Nature of Equatorial Plasma Irregularities Award Effective Date: 06/30/2007; Program: AERONOMY

CEDAR: Analysis of Planetary Waves and Atmospheric Tides Using Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) and Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

Fabry-Perot Studies of Equatorial Thermospheric Dynamics and Composition, Part II Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

Large Scale Lower Ionosphere Remote Sensing Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

Austral Mid-Latitude Atmospheric Dynamics Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

CEDAR: Multi-Diagnostic Investigations of Upper-Atmosphere Dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

A Study on the Vertical Circulation and Structure of Metallic Ions in the Mid-Latitude Ionosphere Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

CAREER: Multi-Technique Study of Ionospheric Irregularities at Mid-Latitudes Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

CEDAR: An Observational and Theoretical Study of the Climatology of the Ca/Ca+ Layer in the MLT at Arecibo and Its Relation to the Sporadic Micrometeor Flux Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: AERONOMY

How Does the High-Altitude Plasma Distribution Change During Magnetic Storms Award Effective Date: 09/01/2006; Program: AERONOMY

Space Weather Outreach Program Award Effective Date: 02/15/2005; Program: AISL

Solvated Salts and Acids: Contributions to Basic Understanding of Nucleation, Particle Growth, and Aerosol Chemistry Award Effective Date: 08/15/2007; Program: ANALYTICAL SEPARATIONS & MEAS.

CEDAR: AMISR Measurements of Auroral Disturbance Electrodynamics, Including Relations to Harang Reversal and Large-Scale Convection Evolution Award Effective Date: 01/15/2007; Program: ANS-Arctic Natural Sciences

SGER: Characterization of Multifunctional Organic Nitrates in Blodgett Forest During BEARPEX Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Laboratory, Field, and Theoretical Studies of the Water Uptake of Fresh and Aged Atmospheric Particles Award Effective Date: 10/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Collaborative Research: Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport (START) Experiment (2008) Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Aerosol Eddy Flux and Hygroscopic Growth During Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment (BEARPEX) Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

SGER: Formaldehyde Measurements During BEARPEX (Biosphere Effects on Aerosols and Photochemistry Experiment) at Blodgett Forest 2007 Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Atmospheric Oxidation: Field and Laboratory Studies of OH, HO2, RO2, OH Reactivity, and Measurement of Ozone Production Sensitivity Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

A Kinetic Model for Predicting Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation in Complex Hydrocarbon Mixtures Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Biogenic Organic Aerosol Experiment in Amazonia Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Understanding the Influence of Global Air Pollution on U.S. Air Quality Through Observations at the Mt. Bachelor Observatory Award Effective Date: 09/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Collaborative Research: Investigation of Ozone Photochemistry in Lower Free Troposphere Continental Outflow Traveling Over the North Atlantic Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Understanding Ozone and Its Precursors in China and Regional Pollution Outflow: Field Measurements and Integrated Modeling Analysis Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

SGER: Quantifying the Relationships Between Dust Source Variability, Dust Emissions, and Air-to-Sea Deposition Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

2007 Atmospheric Chemistry Gordon Research Conference; Big Sky, Montana; August 26-31, 2007 Award Effective Date: 07/15/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation by Partitioning and Heterogeneous Reactions: Parameterization, Characterization, and Predictive Model Award Effective Date: 07/15/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

SGER: Smog Chamber Investigations into Reactions of Tertiary Amines with NOy Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Collaborative Research: Nitrate (NO3) Induced Nighttime Air Chemistry Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Photochemical Cycling Between Humic-Like Substances and Simple Dicarbonylic Species in the Atmospheric Aerosol Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Experimental Study of Sulfur Oxidation Chemistry in Clouds in Eastern China Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

2007 Gordon Research Conference on Biogenic Hydrocarbons and the Atmosphere; Ventura, CA; February 25-March 2, 2007 Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Photochemical Reactions Related to Atmospheric Aldehydes and Nitric Acid Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Collaborative Research: Reactive Halogens in the Marine Boundary Layer (RHaMBLe) Overlying the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic Ocean Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Laboratory Studies of Ice Nucleation Using Optical and Raman Microscopy Award Effective Date: 04/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Chemical Pathways Leading to Organic Aerosol Formation from the Atmospheric Oxidation of Alkanes and Alkenes Award Effective Date: 04/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

The Abundance and Seasonal Variability of Tropospheric Ozone and Its Precursors Over China Award Effective Date: 03/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Oxidation Processes in Forest Canopies and Biosphere-Atmosphere Exchange of Nitrogen Oxides Award Effective Date: 02/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Crystallization and Deliquescence of Atmospheric Particles Award Effective Date: 02/01/2007; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Atmospheric Processing of Organic Aerosols Award Effective Date: 09/15/2006; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Radioactive Contamination of Atmospheric Dust Award Effective Date: 06/01/2004; Program: Atmospheric Chemistry

Cloud-Climate Feedbacks due to Extra-Tropical Clouds Systems Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: BE: CARBON & WATER IN ES

Collaborative Research: HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) of Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: BE: CARBON & WATER IN ES

Carbon Dioxide and Water Flux Responses to Extreme Weather and Climate Anomalies: A Fluxnet Synthesis Award Effective Date: 08/01/2007; Program: BE: CARBON & WATER IN ES

Development of a Laser-Induced Fluorescence Ground-Based Instrument for Measurements of Atmospheric Iodine Monoxide Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: BE: INSTRUM DEVELOP FOR ENV AC

Collaborative Research: SGER--Unmanned Aircraft System for In-Situ Sensing Along Atmospheric Airmass Boundaries Award Effective Date: 09/15/2007; Program: BE: INSTRUM DEVELOP FOR ENV AC

SGER: Development of a High Sensitivity Instrument for Direct and Fast Measurement of Glyoxal and Field Testing During BEARPEX Award Effective Date: 06/01/2007; Program: BE: INSTRUM DEVELOP FOR ENV AC

CAREER: Developing New Airborne Cloud, Aerosol and Water Vapor Observation Capabilities by Synergizing Remote Sensors and in Situ Probes on the University of Wyoming King Air Award Effective Date: 05/01/2007; Program: BE: INSTRUM DEVELOP FOR ENV AC

Atmospheric Constraints on Carbon Exchanges and Related Processes Based on Measurements of Atmospheric O2/N2 and Ar/N2 Ratios and CO2 Concentrations Award Effective Date: 07/15/2007; Program: Chemical Oceanography

Variation in the Oxygen/Nitrogen (O2/N2) Ratio of Air: Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle Award Effective Date: 07/01/2007; Program: Chemical Oceanography

The Role of Inertial Instability and Boundary-Layer Processes in Equatorial Monsoon Regions Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

Sensitivity of Extreme Hurricane Winds to Climate Change Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics

The Estimation of Analysis Error Characteristics Using an Observation System Simulation Experiment Award Effective Date: 01/01/2008; Program: Climate & Large-Scale Dynamics